Identify and assess 3 challenges associated with the implementation of IoT ( Internet of Things ) within the manufacturing system.

Summarise 3 benefits for manufacturers from adopting the IoT ( Internet of Things ).

Only need symbolic solution. Already have anual average winds speeds for location 1 and waiting for location 2 to be assigned. Any help is appriciated.

Consider the Turbine #1 and Turbine #2 wind turbine designs, at the two provided hub heights. Evaluate the four turbine designs for use at a site in Evansville, Indiana (Location 1), and at an alternative site in Location 2. Compare sites near open fields, near small shrubs/trees, and near the city. Assume a Rayleigh distribution and account only for the hours that the wind turbine will be in operation throughout the year. Calculate the actual annual energy output based on the Betz Limit, and determine the capacity factor for each case. Rank the cases in terms of most appealing to least appealing.

a. The Poisson ratio for a volume conserving (incompressible) material is __________________. However, most real materials have Poisson ratio values that are larger / smaller (circle one).

b. How many atoms are contained in the unit cells of the following crystalline structures?

Simple cubic ____________ Body-centered cubic ____________ Face-centered cubic ____________

c. True / False (circle one) The average number of protons in an atom of Iron (Fe) is 55.845. The yield strength of a material increases / decreases (circle one) with increasing grain size.

d. Two materials whose alloy displays a binary eutectic behavior are more / less (circle one) soluble than two materials whose alloy displays a binary isomorphous behavior.

e. After raising the temperature of a steel rod to 850°C for several hours, the sample is quenched in oil. The surface of the sample is expected to be harder / softer (circle one) than the interior.

f. In the event that a particular material displays nonlinear elasticity, the Young's modulus cannot be used to characterize this elastic behavior. Instead, the _______________________ or the ____________________________ are typically used.

g. The value of KIc is typically larger / smaller (circle one) for a brittle material than it is for a ductile material.

h. Described the difference between a thermoset and a thermoplastic polymer. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

i. Site three molecular characteristics of a polymer that will influence the material properties: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Problem #1: Power and temperature change

You are working with a group investigating biological mechanisms that determine a predisposition to obesity. Your assignment is to measure the rate that energy is output by certain types of cells when a nutrient is introduced. To begin this study, you have decided to use a calorimetric technique. A culture of cells with the appropriate nutrient is placed inside a closed container. That container is submerged in a water bath and you measure the rate that the temperature of the bath changes.

To calibrate the apparatus, you decide to use a resistor connected across a known voltage as a power source. You know that the power output by the resistor is just the current through the resistor times the voltage across the resistor. You then will compare that power to the rate that the internal energy of the water bath changes by measuring its temperature as a function of time. To accomplish this calibration, you calculate the rate of temperature change as a function of the voltage across the resistor, the current through the resistor, the specific heat of the water, and the mass of the water. You know that even with good insulation, your apparatus will transfer some energy to the outside and your measurements will allow you to correct for this.

Equipment: You have a constant voltage power supply, banana wires, alligator clips, a resistive heating apparatus, digital multimeters (DMMs), digital thermometer, and water containers.

Pre-lab: Warm-up and prediction Warmup: It is useful to have an organized problem-solving strategy. The following questions will help with your prediction and the analysis of your data. 1.Make a sketch of the situation. Identify and label the quantities you can measure or look up. Write down the general conservation of energy equation and decide how it will apply to this situation.

2.Identify your system. Decide on the initial time for which you want to calculate the energy of yoursystem and draw the system. Write down the expression for the energy of your system at that time. Decide on the final time for which you want to calculate the energy of your system and draw it. Write down the expression for the energy of your system at that time. Write down an expressionfor any energy transferred to or from your system. Identify the energy transfer on your drawing and whether the terms represent energy input or energy output for your system.

3.Write an equation that associates the change in energy of the liquid with its change in temperature. Write an equation that gives the rate that energy is output by the filament (power = voltage x current; both voltage and current are quantities that you can measure in this experiment).

4.Determine if any of the energy inputs into the systm are small enough to be neglected. Determine if any of the energy outputs from the system are small enough to be neglected. Write down the conservation of energy equation specifically for this situation.

5.Assuming that nothing but electricity transfers energy to or from your system, calculate the change in the temperature of the liquid between your initial and final times. Using this, write an expression that gives the change in temperature of the liquid as a function of time. Sketch a graph 37°C representing this function and write down how you can determine the power transferred from your system in other ways that you have neglected.

Design {block diagram level} a navigation system which can be used on the desert surfaceand also for operations 100 meters underground minee. The required position accuracy ib 10m on the .surface and 5m on the underground.Justify the choice of sencors with its detailed working principle and complete specifications for the mentioned scenario

Consider the low-speed airflow over the NACA 0012 airfoil at low angles of attack. The Reynolds number based on the chord is roughly Rec = 2.88 × 10^6. This flow can reasonably be modeled as incompressible and inviscid. The initial input value for your simulations is provided on the bottom of this assignment. Your need to generate a report to give background introduction, and address the following issues: (inlet Velocity: 1.5 Attack angle: 5)

1. Incompressible, Inviscid Model: Explain why the incompressible, inviscid model for this flow should yield lift coefficient values that match well with experiment but will yield a drag coefficient that is always zero.
2. Boundary Value Problem: What is the boundary value problem (BVP) you need to solve to obtain the velocity and pressure distributions for this flow at any angle of attack? Indicate governing equations, domain and boundary conditions (u = 0 at a certain boundary etc.). For each of the boundary conditions, indicate also the corresponding boundary type that you need to select.
3. Coefficient of Pressure: Run a simulation for the NACA 0012 airfoil based on the initial conditions assigned to you with a mesh with 15000 elements and a mesh with 40000 elements. Plot the pressure coefficient obtained from FLUENT on the same plot as data obtained from experiment. The experimental data is from Gregory & O’Reilly, NASA R&M 3726, Jan 1970 and plot is provided in PDF format for you to digitize in Excel. Follow the aeronautical convention of flipping the vertical axis so that negative Cp values are above and positive Cp values are below.
4. Lift and Drag Coefficient: Obtain the lift and drag coefficients from the FLUENT results on the two meshes. Compare these with experimental or expected values (present this comparison as a table). For example, the experimental values for 10 degree angle of attack are: Cl = 1.2219; Cd = 0.0138.

Is there a pressure loss when water flows through a heat exchanger( specifically a helical coil heat exchanger through the tubes ) if it is the case, how do you calculate the pressure loss ?  

How does glass transition temperature relate to manufacturing process/ temperature? How does this manufacture then differ between crystalline vs. amorpohous structure? How does linear vs. nonlinear polymer effect the glass transition temperature?

How does polymeric glass formation prevent flow of linear polymer? Explain Tg and chemical reasons. How does this prevention of flow effect mechanical charcteristics?

When looking at the glass transition temperature, what happens when above and below it? How does this change between thermoplastic vs. thermosetting? Amorphous vs. Crystalline? Linear vs. nonlinear? When does glass formation happen vs. crystallization?

When looking at the melting temperature, what happens when above and below it? How does this change between thermoplastic vs. thermosetting? Amorphous vs. Crystalline? Linear vs. nonlinear? When does solidification happen vs. crystallization?

Why do amorphous solids have high strength and low ductility?

1. Define the four types of chips observed in machining. Explain how different chips are obtained from materials of different ductility. 2. According to the Merchant Equation, an increase in rake angle would have which of the following results, if all remaining factors are constant (more than one correct answer): a. Decrease in friction angle b. Decrease in power requirements c. Decrease in shear plane angle d. Increase in cutting temperature e. Increase in shear plane angle 3. State and describe the orthogonal cutting model. Define chip ratio and explain why chip ratio is always < 1.0. 4. Explain the effect of cutting temperature in machining on the chip formation and finish of the machined parts. 5. Describe and state the difference between roughing and finishing in machining operations. 6. Define (a) cutting power, (b) Gross Power, and (c) Specific Power along with pertinent equations. 7. State and briefly describe the 3 stages of Tool Wear Rate using a plot. 8. Turning tests have resulted in a 1 minute tool life for cutting speed v = 4 m/s and a 20 minute tool life at a speed v = 2 m/s. a. Determine the values of n and C in the Taylor tool life equation ( , T = tool life [min], v = cutting speed [m/min]) b. Project how long the tool would last at a speed of v = 1 m/s 9. What are the 3 time components of the total production cycle for a part? What is the equation for the cycle time (Tc)? 10. Whatarethe4mainingredientsofacuttingfluid?Whatarethe3mainmethodsbywhichcutting fluids are introduced in a machining operation? 11. Whatarethe4maincosts(withequations)involvedwithproductionofapart?Howiscycletime related to the unit cost of production?

1. What is the difference between traditional ceramics and the new ceramics, as far as raw materials are concerned? 2. List the basic steps in the traditional ceramics sequence. 3. What is the technical difference between crushing and grinding in the preparation of traditional ceramic raw materials? 4. Describe the slip casting process in traditional ceramics processing. 5. List and briefly describe some of the plastic-forming methods used to shape traditional ceramics products. 6. What is the process of jiggering? 7. What is the difference between dry pressing and semi dry pressing of traditional ceramics parts? 8. What happens to a ceramic material when it is sintered? 9. What is the name given to the furnace used to fire ceramic ware? 10. What is glazing in traditional ceramic processing? 11. Why is the drying step important for processing of traditional ceramics, usually not required in processing of new ceramics? 12. Why is raw material preparation more important in the processing of new ceramics than for traditional ceramics? 13. What is the freeze drying process used to make certain new ceramic powders? 14. Describe the doctor-blade process. 15. Liquid phase sintering is used for WC-Co compacts, even though the sintering temperatures are below the melting points of either WC or Co. How is this possible? 16. What are some design recommendations for ceramic parts?

12. What is forging? 13. One way to classify forging operations is by the degree to which the work is constrained in the die. By this classification, name the three basic types. 14. Why is flash desirable in impression die forging? 15. What is a trimming operation in the context of impression die forging? 16. What are the two basic types of forging equipment? 17. What is isothermal forging? 18. What is extrusion? 19. Distinguish between direct and indirect extrusion. 20. Name some products that are produced by extrusion 21. Why is friction a factor in determining the ram force direct extrusion but not a factor in indirect extrusion 22. What does the centerburst defect in extrusion have in common with the roll piercing process? 23. What is wire drawing and bar drawing? 24. Although the workpiece in a wire drawing operation is obviously subjected to tensile stresses, how do compressive stresses also play a role in the process? 25. In a wire drawing operation, why must the draw stress never exceed the yield strength of the metal?