Question

dimensioning and toleransing symbology

discuss following: write 150 words minimum

1) the development of dimensional control

2) design through teamwork

3) professions and trades affected by dimensions

4) required dimensioning skills

5) orthographic projection

6) future trends

**** I have answered those qustions but I can NOT read those hand writings*****

Answer 1

1) the development of dimensional control

Ans)  The dimensional control plan is one important part to ensure the predefined dimensional quality, the dimensional control plan must provide site personnel with information on, among others, setting out and assembling building components, which often can be done by means of total stations. The complexity of designing such a plan asks for the support of information technologyDimensional characteristics are understood as being those related to tolerances, gaps, fit, matching between parts, product specification and control charts. In order to allow the product to be assembled without the need of further adjustments and within the time determined for its assembly, it is necessary that all these characteristics be specified, verified and confirmed in the individual parts and in the composed assemblies of those parts.Dimensional Control lead strategies from MODS during concept development uses scheme optimization through 3D modelling and facilitated reviews during Front End Engineering Development.

2) design through teamwork

Ans)

Firstly, you can make a big impact by having better meetings. All teams have to meet, but often there are too many meetings, and most of them are unproductive. Each time you call a meeting, ask the question: what is the purpose? Then choose the most appropriate format for it – a quick check-in, feedback meeting, ideation session or something else – so that you can make the best use of everyone’s time.

Secondly, make time to have conversations about how your team works together. This includes the types of meetings you have, but also how people will stay up-to-date throughout a project. What tools will you use? How will you share new ideas? What do you expect from each other? Understand how and when everyone does their best work, then use this to design processes that will make for productive working.

Finally, encourage everyone to be as transparent as possible in their work so that, at any one time, everyone can see tasks and timelines and what the project status is. That way the team can identify bottlenecks and feel a shared sense of responsibility.

4) required dimensioning skills

Ans)

Identify the following standard practices for dimensioning:

Dimension lines

1. Shows the beginning and the end of the measurement.
2. Terminated by arrowheads.
3. Thin line weight.
4. Should be broken to allow for the numbers to be inserted.
5. Must be a minimum of .375" or 10mm away from the object.
6. Must be a minimum of .250" or 6mm away from parallel dimension lines.

1. Extension lines:
   1. Extend the edge of the object.
   2. Thin line weight.
   3. There should be a visible gap (.0625" or 1mm) between the object and the start of the extension line.
   4. Extension lines should extend about .125" or 2.5mm beyond the last dimension line.
2. Leader lines:
   1. Are drawn from a note or dimension to place where the note applies.
   2. Are drawn at an angle (usually 30°, 45°, or 60°).
   3. Should have a short (.125" or 3mm) shoulder that if extended, would intersect the note at mid-height.
   4. May end with an arrowhead or dot.
   5. If extended, the leader would pass through the center of arcs or circles (radial).
   6. Leaders should not cross over or through other leaders or dimension lines.
   7. Avoid making leaders parallel or perpendicular to visible edges.
   8. Should extend from the first word or the last word of the note.
3. Arrowheads:
   1. Can be solid filled or open.
   2. Should be approximately .125" or 3mm long.
   3. Should be approximately 2.5 to 3 times as long as wide.
4. Dimensioning placement for reading.

1.Unidirectional - recognized as standard for engineering drawing per ASME Y14.5M-1994.

1. Aligned - preferred practice in architectural drawing.

Procedures for using decimal and metric measurement.

Be able to list, explain, and give examples of the following general rules of dimension placement.

Identify , explain, and be able to illustrate the correct placement of dimensions on the following circular features

Correct placement of dimensions on angular features where the angles are expressed in degrees.

5) orthographic projection

Ans)

Orthographic projection (sometimes orthogonal projection), is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. The obverse of an orthographic projection is an oblique projection, which is a parallel projection in which the projection lines are not orthogonal to the projection plane.

The term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the principal axes or planes of the object are also parallel with the projection plane but these are better known as multiview projections. Further, when the principal planes or axes of an object in an orthographic projection are not parallel with the projection plane, but are rather tilted to reveal multiple sides of the object, the projection is called an axonometric projection. Sub-types of multiview projection include plans, elevations and sections. Sub-types of axonometric projection include isometric, dimetric and trimetric projections.

A lens providing an orthographic projection is known as an object-space telecentric lens.

6) future trends

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