Question

In this discussion, give examine aspects of the human nervous system, how they function, and how disorders affect them.

There are many disorders associated with the nervous system. Identify two disorders, compare each one's effects on the nervous system, and describe their progression. What are their signs and symptoms? Which disorder seems more severe? Why?

Use textbook or Internet search to find possible treatments for each disorder that you identified. Which disorder seems more treatable?

Answer 1

Neurological examination will be performed for the assessment of sensor and motor responses. This examination will reveal if there are any lesions in the central or peripheral nervous system which troubles the patient.

Check tendon reflexes:-

Reflex hammer is used to test the tendon reflexes If there is any brisk reflex that will suggest they have some problem in pyramidal tract. If at all we see decreased reflexes that are a suggestive of motor nerve abnormality.

Check sensory system

We can check the sensory system through touch, pain stimulation, vibration, vision – to see the pen direction (put the pen straight to the nose and taken away towards right and left)

Vision problem ptosis or diplopia, muscle strength, muscle tone will suggest having myasthenia gravis. Muscle conduction problem also will be there due to poor transmission of impulses.

Mood swings, memory loss depression will be observed in Alzheimer ’s disease

Myasthenia Gravis

It is a autoimmune neuromuscular disease

Motor system will be affect

Weakness of the skeletal muscle of the body

Antibodies produced by the body’s own immune system block, alter, or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which prevents muscle contraction from occurring.

Signs and symptoms

Drooping of eyes

Diplopia due to loss of communication between muscle and nerves

If it affects face and throat muscles that will be resulted in difficulty in swallowing

Weakness of neck and limb muscles

Treatment

Cholinesterase inhibitors. Medications such as pyridostigmine (Mestinon) enhance communication between nerves and muscles.

Corticosteroids such as prednisone inhibit the immune system, limiting antibody production.

Immunosuppressants. such as azathioprine (Imuran), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral), methotrexate (Trexall) or tacrolimus (Prograf).

Progression of the disease

Myasthenia gravis symptoms tend to progress over time, usually reaching their worst within a Few years after the onset of the disease.

Muscle weakness come and go

But It will affect vital part of the body

Alzheimer’s disease

It is a common type of dementia, and neurodegenerative disease

Cognitive system will be affected

Loss of neurons in addition to shrinkage of large cortical neurons

Brain cell death leads to dementia. In a healthy , these protein fragments are broken down and eliminated. In disease, the fragments accumulate to form hard, insoluble plaques. Plaques between nerve cells (neurons) in the .

Signs and symptoms

Memory loss

Trouble in solving problems and planning

Change in vision

Treatment of disease

Cholinesterase inhibitors. These drugs work by boosting levels of a cell-to-cell communication by providing a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) that is depleted in the brain by Alzheimer's disease

Memantine This drug works in another brain cell communication network and slows the progression of symptoms with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

Progression of alzheimer’s

The recovery will be based on the stage of the disease that they have. Find the below stages

• Stage 1: No Impairment. During this stage, Alzheimer's disease is not detectable and no memory problems or other symptoms of dementia are evident.
• Stage 2: Very Mild Decline
• Stage 3: Mild Decline.
• Stage 4: Moderate Decline.
• Stage 5: Moderately Severe Decline.
• Stage 6: Severe Decline.
• Stages 7: Very Severe Decline.

Comparatively alzheimer’s progression will be good and faster than mayesthenia gravis because it may affect vital part of the body