Question

1. Explain how liminality, cultural chasm and white supremacy are inter-related.

2. Start to connect with the reading. Use ONE example of your read material and connect it to one of the term. How is the term being described in the reading. You can't use bell hooks and cultural chasm because I already provided you an example in the online lecture. BUT you can use another one from hooks' essay if you find it.

file:///Users/Irene/Downloads/Straightening%20Our%20Hair.pdf

file:///Users/Irene/Downloads/_The%20Myth%20of%20the%20Latin%20Woman_%20_%20Just%20Met%20a%20Girl%20Named%20Maria.pdf

3. Start thinking of experiential factors that contribute to the liminal state of Judith Ortiz Cofer and bell hooks. Identify 1 for EACH of the authors. Demonstrate that you read.

Answer 1

1.

The U.S is a great Democratic nation which consists of many cultures, societies, religions and races. It is the most powerful and one of the most culturally diverse, socially developed nation.

Citizens of U.S are very open-minded and proud of their nation. They are freedom-loving people. They live with each other in harmony and peace. however, there are some many racial, cultural and social conflicts also present in the society.

White supremacy is an ideology in which people or group of peoples believe that they are superior to the people of other race with darker skin and they are genetically and culturally inferior.

White privilege is defined as the benefits and privilege received by white people mostly U.S and European citizens due to their presence in the top level of racial hierarchy in the society that is socially structured. The civil right act of 1964 was signed into law by prudent Lyndon B. Johnson on 2nd July 1964.

This act was very important in U.S history because according to this law any discrimination against someone on the basis of sex, race, religion, skin colour, and origin of their nation is illegal. Segregation in public place, voter registration(biased) is also illegal.

This law is considered as an achievement during Civil right movement and this law ended the Jim Crow law and helps to develop equal and fairer society.

The 8th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States stopped the government (federal) for creating extra bail and fines or severe and brutal punishments.

But it is the harsh reality that in 21st-century new type of racism emerged in the U.S.It is known as colour-blind racism.

Jim crows white supremacy is now replaced with an apparently institutionalized and non-racial way of thinking which is, in reality, is a hidden form of racism. the main theme of colourblind racism is to

• Apply the concept of liberalism to racial issues in a hidden way.

• The cultural explanation for inferiorities of minorities in place of biological explanation.

• Detection of institution and colleges in the name of racism.

• Claiming that there is no discrimination but it present in various forms.