Question

1) Name 3 biological membranes besides the plasma membrane.

2) How do ribosomal subunits move from their site of synthesis to their site of complete assembly?

3) How is the behavior of simple, pure lipid vesicles similar to cells?

4) Which term best describes oxidation? Which term best describes reduction? Which processes are usually exergonic? Which are usually endergonic? (Anabolism, Catabolism, Metabolism)

Answer 1

1-- Besides plasma membrane, in cell there are various membranes such as:

Nuclear membrane that surrounds nucleus.(double layered)

Chloroplast and mitochondrial membrane surround chloroplast and mitochondria respectively. ( double layered)

Vesicle membrane surrounds vesicles in cytoplasm.( single layered)

2- By means of Cytoskeletal elements ribosome move to sites of their assembly. These includes generally Microtubules such as kinesin and dynein helps in chromosome movement and microfilament such as actin helps in ribosomes subunit movement.

3- Vesicle behave as a cell because like cell vesicles have plasma membrane. There is also transport protein like plasma membrane of cell. They have also the ability to remain as independent as occurs in cell case after their synthesis from ER.

4- Catabolism is the process in which oxygen is used to break down of substrate. That's why catabolism is an oxidation process and releases energy(exerogenic)

Anabolism is an reductive process in which complex form of substrate are synthesised from simpler substrate. Hence it is an reductive process.During these process it utilise energy. Hence anabolism is an enderogenic process.

Metabolism involves two processes: catabolism and anabolism.

Hence metabolism involves both oxidation and reduction process. Metabolism is also having both exerogenic and enderogenic process due to involvement of catabolic and anabolic process respectively.