Question

hello

I need a good report with 6-7 pages about

(Requirement of designing and maintenance open drains)

its better for me if its not handwritting cause i need it online on word ..

anyway thanks ❤️

Answer 1

1. An open-drain is mostly used to collect wastewater that is not sewage.

2. Use of open drains to dispose of sanitary waste is extremely unhygienic and unsafe. Use of open drains to a certain degree can be acceptable. However, any place with a collection of water breeds various disease-carrying pathogens.

3. Use of open drains is not a good option to carry wastewater even if the solids have been removed by the use of septic or interceptor tanks because people can easily come into contact with it.

4. Moreover, since they are open any excess water can result in flooding.

5. The only advantages of using open drains are in its convenience of construction and maintenance as it is easily accessible.

6. This is why you can still see the use of open drains in rural areas.

7. As open drains are more easily accessible than pipes, maintenance of these drains is simple.

8. Inspections and cleaning operations are easier to perform as these drains are not buried.

9.If open lined drains are correctly designed, they should not require expensive or major repair. Regular inspections prevent major issues from arising. Grass or other vegetation should be planted along the sides of the drains to prevent erosion.

10.Open ditches should terminate in an adequate outlet.

11.The capacity of the outlet must be adequate to carry the design discharge from the project with- out it resulting in stage increases which would cause significant damage downstream.

12.This may require extending the channel improvement further down- stream.

13.A comparison of alternate locations of the point of outlet may also be needed.

14.The stage of a stream during the storm when the drainage system is discharging at the design rate determines the adequacy of the stream as an outlet.

15.A study of the frequency of high water stage is needed for large streams, lakes, and tidal waters to determine their adequacy as an outlet and to establish the elevation of the design hydraulic gradeline for the open ditch at the outlet.