Question

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1. Discuss the action and use of oral hypoglycemic agents to control diabetes mellitus.

2. Discuss the educational needs for patients with complications from diabetes.

Answer 1

** Answer of Question 1:-

*Oral hypoglycemic agents : These oral medications use for lowering the blood glucose levels in the body when diet and weight control management have failed to maintain adequate blood glucose level.

* Action and usage:- These medication are prescribed for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus (It is a disorder in which body has resistance to secreted insulin).

*Oral hypoglycemic agents

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Increases the responsiveness of beta cells(insulin secreting cells in pancrease)

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Resulting more insulin being released into all blood glucose concentration

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As a result enhancing the activity of insulin in muscles, liver and fat cells

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Insulin resistance decreased

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Maintain adequate glucose level in the body

*Types and Example of oral hypoglycemic medications:-

Biguanides(metformin)

Sulfonylureas (glimepride)

Meglitinides (repaglinide)

Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)

* Metformin :- this medication used for decreasing blood glucose level.besides , it is use for treating irregular menstruation, polycystic ovarian sydrom and some other medical conditions.

** Answer of Question 2:-

Complications of DM mainly includes:-

- cardiovascular disease

-Neuropathy

-Retinopathy

-Nephropathy

- Skin changes

-Foot damage

-Hearing impairment

and so on

* Health education regardingcomplications of Diabetes

1.Make a good commitment in the management of your diabetes

2.monitor your blood sugar level adequately

3. Take medication as per doctor's order. Follow doctor's advise regarding how to manage blood glucose level

4.if you want any help ask your DM treatment team

5 keep your cholestrol and blood pressure under control and do regular check up

6.avoid smoking .It Will increase the change of getting complication.you can divert your mind to other activities according to your interest.

7 schedule regular eye and physical examination.

8.eat healthy diet.Avoid toomuch fatty sugary food items

9.Do physical exercises according to your level of activities.

10. Always provide special care to foot.

_wash feet daily with leukewarm water.

-dry the feet gently.avoid too much soaking that will lead to dryness.

-provide special care while cleaning and drying between the toes.

-Keep them moiturized with lotions.don't put cream or oils because that leads to chance of infection.

-check your feet daily for any swelling ,sores,redness etc.if you found anything like this should be inform to the doctor.

-don't go anywhere with barefoot.

11.if you have drinking habit of alcohol ,try to reduce the number of pegs.

12.reduce your stress level.for that you can use mind relaxing techniques.like yoga meditation etc

13 keep you vaccine up to date. This will help to avoi other infection.

14.provide therapuetic education about diabetes terms, lifestyle modifications,diet and exercise.

15 educate about how to manage hypoglycemic episodes by self.

16.provide awareness regarding importence of oral hygiene.

17.if the patient has vision problem always use bright light in home,keep the floor clean and dry that helps to avoid falls.

18.if they have lack of memory use pictures symbols in their sorroundings.

19.any medical emergency,contact your medical team or physician immediately.