Question

The patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus may control blood glucose levels with the use of oral hypoglycemia without needing insulin. how do hypoglycemics work?

Answer 1

Answer

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: it is a condition in which the body is unable to metabolize glucose or respond to insulin as result there will be an abnormal increase in blood glucose in the blood.

Causes include disorders of the pancreas, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, obesity, hereditary factors

Signs and symptoms include excessive hunger, thirst, and urination, weight loss, fatigue, blurry vision, etc.

The oral hypoglycemic drugs are classified into the following types

1.Biguanides: It increases hepatic adenosine monophosphate that helps in the control of hepatic glucose production and reduces gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis.eg: Metformin

2.Sulfonylureas: This binds to the ATP-dependent potassium channel in the beta cells of the pancreas that leads to calcium influx and insulin secretion. thereby, control blood glucose levels. eg: tolazamide

3.Thiazolidinediones: It activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, a receptor found in tissues, pancreas, endothelium. It increases insulin sensitivity and peripheral uptake of glucose. thus, reduces blood glucose eg: rosiglitazone

4.Alpha glycoside inhibitors: alpha glycoside is an enzyme found in the small intestine that inhibits the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugar and thereby reduces glucose in the blood. eg: miglitol

5.Meglitinides:-It will increase the release of insulin from the pancreas by binding to the sulfonylurea receptors. eg: repaglinide