Question

1.write effect of nutritional hypertension during pregnancy on birth outcome?

2.describe the energy and nutrient recommendation during lactation?

Answer 1

1) EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL HYPERTENSION DURING PREGNANCY ON BIRTH OUTCOME

hypertension(systolic above 140 mm Hg and diastolic above 90 mm Hg) is a serious concern for many pregnant women ,if its well managed it isn't always dangerous,but when it is ignored can cause serious health problems for mother and developing baby.

major complications of hypertension in pregnancy is include

preeclampsia : most important complication of hypertension in pregnancy is the superimposed preeclampsia.preeclampsia occurs after 20th week of gestation characterised by protenuria and edema.it is a major contributor to preterm birth and cesarean delivery.pre eclampsia increases the morbidity (respiratory distress syndrom,pulmonary hypertension,broncho pulmonary dysplasia etc.) and mortality rates (21 stillbirth in 1000 deliveries)in newborn.

fetal growth restriction : intra uterine growth retardation is the absolute or estimated weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age.in US population data demonstrate a 10% to 20% prevalence of fetal growth restriction in pregnancies in women with chronic hypertension.

placental abruption : hypertension increases the risk of this condition in which the placenta seperates from the innerwall of your uterus before delivery.this puts both the life of mother and child in danger.

preterm birth : hypertension in pregnancy is one of the most common cause for preterm birth of child.prematurity causes incresed morbidity( breathing problems-RDS ,cardiac problems-PDA , temperature control problems, decreased immunity-pron for infection) and mortality.

2) energy and nutrient recommendation during lactation

nutritional requirement during lactation increases as both mother and babies health depends on mothers nurition.

recommended dietary allowance for a lactating mother

energy - 2500 kcal (2000 for normal women)

total fat intake should comprise of 20 - 30% of daily calories.

protein - 71 gm (46 for normal women)

iron - 9mg ( 18 for normal women)

folic acid - 500 microgram(400 for normal women)

iodine - 290 microgram(150 for normal women)

calcium - 1000mg ( 1000 for normal women)

zinc - 12mg ( 8 for normal women)

vitamin A - 1300 microgram (700 microgram for normal women)

vitamin B1 - 1.4 mg (1.1 mg for normal women)

vitamin B6 - 2 mg (1.3 mg for normal women)

vitamin B12 - 2.8 microgram (2.4 microgram for normal women)

vitamin C - 120 mg (75 microgram for normal women)

vitamin D - 15 microgram (5 microgram for normal women)

vitamin D - 15 microgram (5 microgram for normal women)

vitamin E - 19 mg (15 microgram for normal women)

vitamin K - 90 microgram (90 microgram for normal women)