In: Computer Science
2. Determine whether the following Propositional Logic statements are valid or invalid arguments. You may use a truth table, proofs using rules of inference, or resolution (specify which method you are using).
(a) p→q, ~q→r, r; ∴p
(b) ~p∨q, p→(r∧s), s→q; ∴q∨r
(c) p→(q→r), q; ∴p→r
a) Truth Table:
p |
q |
r |
~q |
(p |
(~q |
(p |
p |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
From the above truth table if we observe the last TWO column which are not Equal
So the given Argument is Invalid.
b)Truth Table:
p |
q |
r |
s |
~p |
r |
~p V q |
p |
s |
(~p V q) |
q V r |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
From the above truth table if we observe the last TWO column which are not Equal
So the given Argument is Invalid.
c) Truth Table:
p |
q |
r |
(q |
p |
[p |
(p |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
From the above truth table if we observe the last TWO column which are not Equal
So the given Argument is Invalid.