Question

What questions and concerns are raised about research that is false and misleading?

Is failure an essential part of science?

What is real versus fake science?

Answer 1

False and misleading researches will happen only in those areas of research where limited research happens. It happens only with those researches which cannot be replicated by another researcher. A research finding with strong evidence will always replicate result in any number of researches done. These concerns are the ones which would be raised with respect to false or misleading researches.

Yes, failure is an essential part of science. Every research happening in science is an outcome of trial and error method. It would be after numerous experiments that the actual favourable outcome might happen. All advanced technologies of science which we experience today is an outcome of numerous failed missions.

Fake science is also called as pseudo science. This is one where the external factors presented might appear genuine but might not have strong statistical evidence supporting the case. This is not the case with real science where every fact and phenomenon are proven with strong evidence and base.