1. What is the liquid limit? Explain.

2. What is the plastic limit? Explain.
3. Which apparatus will be used for liquid limit calculation?

4. What is the procedure used for plastic limit calculation?

describe a detailed overview of affordability of water in middle income areas

Solve the following using paper-pencil and upload it in .PDF or a photo embedded in MS Word before the due date.

The following are the approximate quantities of 1 yd³ of concrete:

Check the volumes of these constituents and adjust the quantities, if required, to produce 1 yd³. G_SSD (RD_SSD) is 2.68 and 2.65 for the fine and the coarse aggregate, respectively.

What is resonance? Is it possible to experience a perfect resonance or it is just a theoretical term?

How do you describe dynamic behavior of the building?

How do you describe earthquake motion and wind forces?

How do you define undamped, underdamped, critically damped and overdamped structures? Derive the necessary equations and draw necessary pictures.

List the main thermal zones in a cement kiln. Describe the process in each zone.

- Dehydration zone (up to 500°C)

- Decarbonation zone (between 500°C to 950°C)

- Solid-state reaction zone (between 950 °C to 1350 °C)

- Clinkering Zone (between 1350°C to 1500°C)

- Cooling zone

Which ASTM cement is most appropriate for the following construction applications? What types of mineral and/or chemical admixtures could be used for each application? Give reasons for your choices.

• Construction of an exposed aggregate concrete wall.

Describe the concept of Effective Stress

Which ASTM cement is most appropriate for the following construction applications? What types of mineral and/or chemical admixtures could be used for each application? Give reasons for your choices.       

• Construction of a transfer plate with a thickness of 2 metres.

Which ASTM cement is most appropriate for the following construction applications? What types of mineral and/or chemical admixtures could be used for each application? Give detailed reasons for your choices.

• Construction of concrete pavement (open traffic on the next day).

Which ASTM cement is most appropriate for the following construction applications? What types of mineral and/or chemical admixtures could be used for each application? Give detailed reasons for your choices.

• Construction of a bridge pier in the sea.

As a group of engineers with basic Visual Basic skills, you are asked to provide your client with a user-friendly macro-enabled Excel spreadsheet that can be used to calculate the deflection and bending moment of a simply supported beam and a cantilever beam. The spreadsheet will provide a user-friendly interface to allow the client to: i) define the type of beam (i.e. a simply supported beam or a cantilever beam); ii) define cross sectional properties of a given beam structure; iii) define structural parameters and materials. e.g. a main page will allow for a user friendly interface that lists all the individual regular shapes that form a complex shape with options to add more regular shapes to the composition via a button etc. This could lead to another interface that will allow the client to define the parameters of each individual shape (preferably in another sheet). Once the parameters are entered the client will be returned to the main sheet where the details of the newly defined shape will automatically be added to the list of shapes. Once the entire cross-section has been defined, the Excel spreadsheet will calculate the overall second moment of inertia via a button. Challenges (Optional): • An image will automatically be produced when the various shapes are added. • More than one material can be added to the shape in this Excel sheet. STAGE 2 – PART 2 (Maximum Bending Moment and Deflection) Similar to Stage 1 of the group project, this part builds on the information obtained from part 1. Your clients are bridge engineers who want to calculate the deflection and bending moment of their beams. A button on the main page will allow the users to open a new interface to define the load and properties of the beam so that they can calculate the deflection and bending moment of the beam. The user will be given the option to choose any of the following load configurations on the beam. • Concentrated point load • Uniformly distributed load • Uniformly varying load Once all this information is entered, Excel will automatically compute and present the results of the beam’s deflection and bending moment. Hint: Formulae for simply supported beam and cantilever beam can be found online. Challenge (Optional): Plot the shear force diagram and the bending moment diagram. STAGE 2 – PART 3 (Report) Once the cross section and the maximum bending moment and deflection of beam have been defined, the user will be given the choice to press a button to automatically generate an A4 printable report based on the input and calculations produced in this Excel sheet. This report will summarise the parameters that the user has put into Excel and display the results in a way that is simple for the client to interpret.