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You are overseeing the plans for construction of a new highway. Someone proposes using cheaper, substandard materials to control/treat water flowing off the construction site. The water on the construction site contains measureable concentrations of sediments, oils from vehicles, heavy metals, and components of asphalt. A recreational lake is nearby and downgradient from the construction site. This is a substantial slope (10% grade) across the site.

a) LIST the three pillars of sustainability and EXPLAIN how this issue connects to each pillar.

b) Assuming you are a licensed engineer, what is your ethical obligation to the public AND other licensed engineers working on this job? [Your response should cover ethical obligations to both parties.]

c) LIST and DESCRIBE at least two ways to control fluvial (water) erosion on this site.

Will like right away!!

Can a soil swell during shearing? List two field examples where this can be observed?

what is meant by mollier diagram? Explain.

5. Explain and use diagrams where applicable the following:
   • Transportation network hierarchy
   • Density
   • Captive and Choice riders
   • Types of Right-or-Way categories and their differences
   • Name and explain the three (3) types of stopping regimes for transit operations
   • Advantages and disadvantages of articulated bus versus regular bus.

1. Name the four (4) factors involved in highway crashes.
2. Explain or define Grade-Separated highway.
3. Define and explain two (2) types of At-Grade Intersections, and use diagrams to illustrate your explanations.
4. How many Right-of-Way (R/W) Categories do we have in Urban Public Transportation modes? Explain in detail the operational and physical characteristics of the R/W Categories identified. Give real world examples for each.

1. Name the feedstock materials used in the manufacture of Portland cement. Describe the process of cement production using these materials.   
2. Explain the importance of water in the setting reaction for cement and the reasons for selecting the correct water-cement ratio in concrete. Discuss the problems that might occur when the water-cement ratio is too low or too high.   
3. Write down the chemical reaction between atmospheric carbon dioxide and concrete and state what happens to the pH of concrete as a result of this process. Give the common name for this reaction. Explain the effect of this reaction on both the strength of concrete and on the integrity of steel reinforcement.   
4. State how the mechanical properties of concrete are altered by the addition of steel reinforcement and explain the mechanism of this effect. How would corrosion of the steel or degradation of the concrete affect the mechanical properties?

Define frequency, based on a sketch of a harmonic wave you have drawn, and state its units of measure (namely, Hz)

1) Be able to explain stainless steel sensitization and dezincification in brass as an example of a composition cell.

2) Know and understand the galvanic/electromotive series and the basic elements necessary for electrochemical corrosion. That is, what is necessary and how does a galvanic cell operate.

Calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, and sodium are some
of the most abundant ions present in water samples. Two methods (predominant polyvalent cations
and all polyvalent cations) have been used to measure Total Hardness (TH). Discuss when
a) TH measured using the predominant polyvalent cations = TH measured using all polyvalent cations
b) TH measured using the predominant polyvalent cations > TH measured using all polyvalent cations
c) TH measured using the predominant polyvalent cations < TH measured using all polyvalent cations

A wastewater treatment plant serves 5,000,000 people. Each person on the average produces 0.1m^3 per person per day of wastewater. If the ultimate BOD of the discharge from the plant is 50 mg/L into a 5-meter deep stream that has an average flow rate of 10m^3 per second, a velocity of 1 meter per second, and a BOD value of 5 mg/L. The deoxygenation constant Kd is 0.19/day, and DO at the mix point is 8.5 mg/L. The water temperature is at 20 degrees Celcius and DO5=9.1 mg/L.

What would be the time and distance needed to reach DOmin in the stream?

Compare the moment area method with other methods of calculating the deflection of beams

Workers in a 1000 m³ processing room in a plastics factory are exposed to vinyl chloride (C₂H₃Cl) gas, which is emitted when the plastic pellets are heated to make the final products.

a. If the source strength of C₂H₃Cl is 80 mg/h and the air change rate in the room is 0.21/h, what is the steady state concentration of C₂H₃Cl (in mg/m³ and in ppmv) in the room at 25⁰C and 1 atm? Assume that C₂H₃Cl is conservative and that the concentration of the gas in the ambient air is zero.

b. What is the concentration (in ppmv) in the same room 6 hours after all the machines are turned off at the end of the day?

Design a concrete mix for reinforced concrete beams of a structure. The structure is located in a locality wherein water has excess of chlorides in it. Required average compressive strength of concrete has been determined to be 4700 psi. Beams have cross-section of 9 in. x 21 in. reinforced with 4 # 6 bars. Reinforcement has a concrete cover of 1.25 in. and there is a clear space of 1.0 in. between form surface and steel bars. Fine aggregate has bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.63; absorption capacity of 1.25%; surface moisture of 3.0% and a fineness modulus of 2.75. Coarse aggregate has bulk specific gravity (SSD) of 2.70; absorption capacity of 2.50 %; surface moisture of 1.75% based on SSD state and dry-rodded unit weight of 110 lb/ft3. Design concrete mix following the step-by-step method of ACI 211.1-91 for the subject beams and tabulate the quantities of ingredient materials in lb/yd3, lb/ft3 and 1.5 lb/ft3. Provide reference of relevant ACI Tables in each step.

Find the diameter of a pipe of length ‘X’ when the rate of flow of water through the pipe is ‘Q’ and the head lost due to friction is ‘4X’. Take the value of C = 1 in Chezy’s formula. Illustrate the resut of diameter of pipe and also conclude the discharge value for varying cross section of pipe, and the relationship between diameter of pipe and pressure of flow.

Find the critical depth, critical slope and Froude Number at section
y=0.9 m in a 0.55 m wide, m=1 trapezoidal channel carrying water at the
rate of 0.95 m3/s. n=0.016.