what's the difference between management and administration

Provide a definition of the following types of contracts, as it pertains to construction contracts:

Cost Plus Fee Contract

(a) Microorganisms play a role in the formation of hardness in groundwater. True or false? Explain.

(b) In the United States, chlorine is preferred as a disinfectant over ozone because it has a residual. Why is the presence of a residual important? In recent years ozone has been replacing chlorine as the primary disinfectant in the United States. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?

Is my writing for the email correct? I mean grammatically and academy.

Dear Dr. Muller,
Greetings!
I would like to thank you for your assistance.
I looked at the offer from University of Manchester and I found that there were two conditions are master's degree with GPA of 3.2 or higher and Two satisfactory references issued on official headed paper, signed and dated by referees
I think I provided official transcript with GPA of 3.667 and two references to Dr.George on Oct 20, 2019.
Currently, I am studying master's degree in Physics at Columbia University in US. And I will graduate on Dec 14, 2019.
I will attach you all the required documents in this email. It is my kind request to you to help me to get a Final admission (unconditional) because this is a prerequisite by my sponsor to upgrade my scholarship from US to UK.
Thanks, and Best regards
Sam

1.As the earliest example of Gothic architecture, briefly describe how the exterior structure and interior decoration of the St. Denis Cathedral differs from previous forms of architecture.

2.Compare each of the cathedrals listed below to the St. Denis. How do their exterior structures and interior decoration differ from “the original” Gothic cathedral?

3. Study the Chartres Cathedral. Based on your study of the other cathedrals, explain why this one is considered the perfect example of Gothic architecture. Be sure the address both its exterior structure and its interior decoration.

In two or three sentences for each system, explain how redundancy is achieved in:

a. power transmission systems

b. highway systems

c. water treatment and distribution systems

d. source water supply

List down and describe how sonar survey is applied, and how depth and area are measured.

A circular saw blade (E = 200 GPa, v = 0,3) can be considered as a 2 mm thick disc with an outer diameter of 600 mm and central hole of 100 mm diameter bolted to a rigid inner rotating disc. Determine the maximum rotational speed if initial yielding of the disc occurs for a Tresca yield stress of 200 MPa.

Subject: Systems Engineering; Assignment Title: Producibility, Disposability, and Usability. Use your knowledge of human factors, and specifications to answer the following questions. 1.) According to the EPA, "Green engineering is the design, commercialization, and use of processes and products in a way that reduces pollution, promotes sustainability, and minimizes risk to human health and the environment without sacrificing economic viability and efficiency." How would you incorporate the EPA's concept of green engineering into an Airport Flight system design? Construct your answer with a focus on manufacturability and disposability.

I just want this answer to be in simple and easy words without missing the key words, to be easy for memorizing and understanding for my test.. please help

We, as engineers, do not injure directly or indirectly the prospect of another engineer. In the same time, we shall be faithful and honest with our client and employer. In discharging our duty and carrying our works, we shall bear in mind that fair and honest dealing with all parties is essential principle. If there is conflict of interest of oneself with others, we shall act with integrity and fair toward others.

For the scenario which I was approached by the “winner” to join his consultant team, I presume the invitation to bid and the project are of design and build contract. I was the engineer of another contractor who has not successful bidding the contract. Upon announcement of the “winner”, the “winner” offers the appointment as their engineer to us. In my view of points, I may accept the invitation because of the following reasons and with the following conditions.

Completion of duty and responsibility to current employer

For design and build contract, which both contractor and consultant are working together to bid the project, contractor is the leader and appoint his consultant. The letter of appointment is often issued after successful bidding of the project. For ethical practise in the construction industry, the original engineer working together with contractor shall be appointed. In other words, no letter of appointment is issued or no official appointment of engineer will be carried out if the bidding is not successful.

During the bidding process, engineer shall be faithful and honest to his employer. He applies his best knowledge, skills and efforts in assisting his employer to bid the contract. Upon successful bidding and with the official appointment, he works together with his employer to ensure successful implementation.

If fail in the bidding stage, engineer’s duty and responsibility to original employer has completed. Hence, I may consider the invitation of the “winner” subject to condition in the following paragraphs.

No improper termination of consultant of “winner”

For construction industry, it is only considered ethical and appropriate to appoint consultant who have assisted the contractor during the bidding works once successful in the bidding process. However, there is always some bad “apples”. Errant people may like make use of another’s efforts.

Therefore, I shall communicate and check the reasons of termination of the consultant of the “winner”. I shall consider accepting new appointment if there is no errant happening in the termination of services of another engineer. If the works have started, I shall only take over if there is written consent by the engineer and formal notification by “winner” that the services of other engineer have been terminated and no arrear is due.

In other words, I shall only accept the appointment of “winner” after receipt of release letter of the engineer.

No fee reduction or discount

In order to prevent unethical practises by errant players in the industry, there shall not be fee reduction or similar like discount, for acceptance of appointment as new engineer to the “winner”. Engineering consultancy services (ECP) are professional services to design and advice the client for reliable, valued and front end engineering works. It is unavoidable for clients to bargain for cheaper price but engineers shall not compete with one another by slashing their fee. The act will downgrade the technical competency of engineers in the long term and make the profession an unattractive one.

In my view of points, it is good if the scale of fee recommended by BEM to be adhered to.

No disclosure of business information and copyright with current employer

All works, done with current employer, could be considered property and business information of current employer. Though we fail to bid, we shall not or simply disclose the information to the “winner”. This is because current employer could still compete and bid for other project with current information, which are works of both current employer and us. Furthermore, I will possibly his engineer too. If I disclose the information to the “winner”, it is conflict of interest.  

Rights to review, redesign, use and not to apply the design of original engineer of the “winner”

Engineer bears his responsibility with him to grave. Though the design of other engineer is well prepared and done, the engineer who take over the jobs shall monitor and ensure successful implementation and construction. He therefore need to review, check and possible redesign if not all but still there could be substantial part needed to be checked.

By accepting the invitation or appointment of the “winner”, it is merely change of responsible engineers to monitor, supervise and handle the project. The new engineer shall still discharge his duty and responsibility to “winner”.

Hence, engineers shall not accept wrongful offer by “winner” with the all kind of reasons to substitute engineer and try to appoint a cheaper one.  

Conclusion

As an ethical and responsible engineer, we shall take care the interest of our employer and ensure duty and professional services rendered to him are completed. We shall avoid conflict of interests by not assisting two clients who are opposite competing sides at the same time. If it is unavoidable, we shall inform both of them and let them to make decision or we choose one.

In the same time, we do not attempt to take over the business prospect of another engineer unless the engineer consents and there is no unethical and errant practise in replacing the original engineer

what are the steps involved in updating a schedule

Calculate the static active earth pressure and seismic-induced earth pressure increase for a concrete retaining wall with the back-wall angle β of 10^o with the following given conditions:

1. Wall height: 8 m.
2. Backfill density: 1.8 g/cm³.
3. Backfill angle of internal friction: 36^o.
4. Concrete wall back and backfill interface friction angle δ: 22^o.
5. The wall is located at a seismic zone with design seismic coefficients: k_v=0.12 (vertical direction) and k_h= 0.36 (horizontal direction).
6. The soil below wall base is strong enough to fulfill bearing capacity requirement.

A new development is being planned, which will connect to the city ’s sanitary sewer system. This development will have 80 acres of medium-density residential assume 10 DU / acre and 2.8 persons per DU). Assume a per capita sewage rate of 90 gal/d/person. Additionally, a new community hospital will be constructed with 300 beds (assume 300 gal/d/bed). Assume I/I contribution of 10%.

a. Calculate the mean sewer discharge (accounting for residential, commercial, and I/I flows).

b. Calculate the maximum sewer discharge. Assume a peaking factor of 3.0

c. The new sanitary sewer pipe is to be laid at a slope of 0.003 ft/ft and built with pre -cast concrete pipe (n = 0.013). C ity code requires that the pipe can transmit the peak flo w at 75% full, with a velocity between 1.5 and 10 ft/s. What diameter pipe would you use?

d. How full, in inches, will the pipe be under normal conditions (mean discharge)?

1- State clearly the objectives of designing excel spreadsheet for retaining wall.             

Convert the following 24-hour PA person trip matrix to OD vehicle trip matrix. Assume the average vehicle occupancy is 1.2 people per vehicle. What is the number of vehicle trips from zone 3 to zone 1? (round to integer)

Table 1 24-hour PA Person Trip Matrix

Production zone	Attraction zone
	1	2	3	Total
1	50	30	20	100
2	100	70	30	200
3	250	200	50	500
Total	400	300	100