List four major components of asphalt and describe their contributions to the overall performance of a road pavement.

what is the junction low (i need traffic flow not current),

plees i also need a reference

. thank you

Distinguish between hot mix asphalt patching and crack seal used for the maintenance treatment for flexible pavements.

a) The soil from a borrow pit is at a total density of 1.8 t/m3 and a water content of 12%. It is desired to construct a road subgrade with a compacted total density of 2 t/m3 at a water content of 17%. Determine the quantity of soil (dry mass in tonnes) to be excavated from the barrow pit and the amount of water (in litres) to be added for every 1 m3 of compacted soil in the embankment. (Assume the specific gravity of soil is 2.65).

b) Explain the relative benefits of using stone mastic asphalt and open graded asphalt in pavement.

1. In a uniform open channel flow:
   1. The total energy remains constant along the channel
   2. The total energy line either rises or falls along the channel depending on the state of the flow
   3. The specific energy decreases along the channel
   4. The line representing the total energy is parallel to the bed of the channel

2. In which of the following situations, the flow is uniform?
   1. Flow in channel contraction or expansion
   2. Flow in the vicinity of a bridge pier
   3. Flow at the middle of a long prismatic channel far away from the obstruction

3. Uniform flow in an open channel exists when the flow is steady, and the channel is
   1. Prismatic
   2. Non-prismatic and the depth of the flow is constant along the channel
   3. Prismatic and the depth of the flow is constant along the channel
   4. Frictionless

4. In uniform flow, there is a balance between:
   1. Gravity and frictional forces
   2. Gravity and inertial forces
   3. Inertial and frictional forces
   4. Inertial and viscous forces

5. The water depth in a wide channel is equal to 1.2m (For a very wide channel R is approximately equal to y). If the Chezy coefficient is equal to 49 (metric), then Manning coefficient n (metric) is equal to:
   1. 0.024
   2. 0.021
   3. 0.026

when designing a rigid channel carrying low sediment water, what 2 requirements do you need to meet and what are you trying to avoid in these requirement

Under what circumstances might an owner decide to use wrap-up (owner controlled insurance program) insurance. What type of projects are suited for wrap-up insurance?

Which ASTM cement(Type 1-Type 5) is most appropriate for the following construction applications? What types of mineral and/or chemical admixtures could be used for each application? Give detailed reasons for your choices.

• Construction of a bridge pier in the sea.

What causes thermal cracking of concrete in early day of concreting? Name 4 methods that can be used to control it and give reasons in details.   

1. Suppose an office building is constructed for an owner. The punch list items are addressed, and the project is accepted by the owner. Three months later during the winter season, the owner noticed that the roof developed a small leak and that the leaking water caused discoloration of several suspended ceiling tiles. The main cause of the leakage is an issue in the roof installation and structure that was not readialy observable during final inspection carried out by the owner’s representative. Suppose the owner then noticed that the space between the bottom of three doors and the surface of the floor was nearly ½ inch, exceeding the ¼ inch that was specified in the construction documents. (1) What type of defect is the roof issue? Should the roof repairs and the replacement of the ceiling tiles be covered by warranty? Explain your answer. (2) What type of defect is the extra space between the bottom of doors and the surface of the floor? Should the repaid of the space between the bottom of doors and the surface of the floor be covered by warranty? Explain your answer.