Question

1-compare and contrast behavorial and physical measures employed in cognitive psychology,providing appropriate examples.

2 Describe the causes and types of agnosia and explain how neuropsychological disorder is related to the process of pattern recognition, using appropriate examples

Answer 1

• 2.Agnosia is the loss of the ability to recognize objects, faces, voices, or places. It is a rare disorder.Agnosia usually affects only a single information pathway in the brain.
• There are different types of agnosia. Visual agnosia, for example, causes you to be unable to name or describe the use of an object placed in front of you. You will still be able to reach for it and pick it up. You can also use your sense of touch to identify its use once you are holding it.
• Agnosia occurs when the brain suffers damage along certain pathways. These pathways connect the primary sensory processing areas. These parts of the brain store knowledge and information. Primary sensory processing areas include the visual and auditory cortices.
• Agnosia is usually caused by lesions on the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain. These lobes store semantic information and language. Strokes, head traumas, or encephalitis can cause lesions.
• Other conditions that damage or impair the brain can also cause agnosia. These conditions include dementia, carbon monoxide poisoning, and anoxia.
• There are three main types of agnosia: visual, auditory, and tactile.
• Visual agnosia occurs when there is brain damage along the pathways that connect the occipital lobe of the brain with the parietal and temporal lobes. The occipital lobe assembles incoming visual information. The parietal and temporal lobes allow you to understand the meaning of this information.
• Visual apperceptive agnosia causes difficulty in assembling parts of an image into an understandable whole. This condition may cause you to have difficulty understanding the relationship between objects.
• Associative visual agnosia is the inability to recall information associated with an object. This can include an object’s name, use, or origin. This form of agnosia does not prevent you from being able to draw a picture of an object.
• Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize faces. It’s caused by issues with the fusiform face area (FFA), a specific region of the brain that recognizes faces. Difficulty with facial recognition can also occur in Alzheimer’s disease. It happens because brain deterioration damages this region.
• Auditory agnosia is also known as pure word deafness. It’s the inability to recognize or process sounds despite intact hearing. It develops when the A1 sound-processing region of the brain is disconnected from its language centers. You can still read, write, and speak with pure word deafness.
• Phonagnosia is the inability to recognize and identify familiar voices. It develops when the brain suffers damage to a certain part of the sound association region. This region is located in the right half of the brain. You can still understand words spoken by others if you have this condition. You can also recognize environmental sounds or sounds made by objects.
• Tactile agnosia is the inability to recognize objects by touch. You may be able to feel the weight of the object. Yet you may be unable to understand the significance or the use of the object. Lesions in the parietal lobe of the brain are the cause of tactile agnosia.
• Astereognosis is the inability to identify objects by touch alone. This condition makes you unable to associate information about size, weight, and texture with the right words. You can still name objects by sight. You are also able to draw pictures of objects, as well as reach for them.
• Autotopagnosia is when you lose the ability to orient the parts of your own body. Damage to the left parietal lobe of the brain causes this condition. You are aware of where your limbs are in space at all times, even with closed eyes. But this awareness gets distorted when the brain’s internal representation of the body is damaged.
• Due to time limit,remaining questions can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation