Question

?       How does chronic hyperglycemia effect

?       high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

?       low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

?       triglycerides

?       How do these changes contribute to coronary artery disease?

?       How does increased platelet aggregation among those with diabetes affect vascular health?

?       What is the correlation between hypertension and diabetic complications?

Answer 1

Chronic hyperglycemia is the abnormal rise of glucose in the blood, due either one of type 1 or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. There are many complications associated with high sugar level leading to the life-threatening and deadly end result. The cardiovascular disorder is one of the many possible complications.

Cholesterol is the fatty, waxy substance present in our body, usually functioning for a good reason which is generally composed of 'Good Cholesterol' and 'Bad cholesterol'.

- When blood sugar level shoots up uncontrollably, maybe by type 2 DM, it affects them in the low production of HDL ( which is also known as the Good Cholesterol). This results in high risk of the Cardiovascular disorder, especially heart attack and stroke.

- However, a chronic hyperglycaemia plays an adverse role by an increase in the production of LDL ( also known as bad cholestrol), which can also turn to the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

- triglycerides are the very common fat seen in our blood. Though triglycerides don't have a direct correlation with diabetics, very high triglycerides and along with high production a high sugar level lead to dangerously high risk for Cardio disorders, peripheral artery disorder and stroke.

High sugar level along with an increase in platelet aggregation has a high-risk in Cardiovascular morbidity or mortality. Platelets which is known for its function for clotting or aiding in coagulation of blood, are highly active in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. hyperactivity of platelet results in the formation of numerous clots in the blood and microcapillary embolism, while releasing an oxidating, substance causing a vascular lesion to the blood vessels.

Diabetics can cause the accumulation of fat in the blood vessels, which can eventually result in the narrowing of the blood vessels ( atherosclerosis ). if untreated, a Narrowing of blood vessels naturally leads to a high blood pressure resulting in heart diseases, stroke, vascular diseases etc.