Question

how is the glycolcalyx of blood vessels affected by hyperglycemia & what does this have to do with diabetes?

Answer 1

Hyperglycemia (an excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus) is associated with increased susceptibility to atherothrombotic stimuli. The glycocalyx (also known as the pericellular matrix, is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of some bacteria, epithelia and other cells) a layer of proteoglycans covering the endothelium, is involved in the protective capacity of the vessel wall. Hyperglycemia affects the glycocalyx, thereby increasing vascular vulnerability. Hyperglycemia reduced glycocalyx volume or in other words an excess of glucose in bloodstream reduces the capacity of vessel wall.

Patients with diabetes have increased vascular vulnerability to atherogenic (tending to promote the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries) insults, leading to accelerated atherogenesis and it is associated cardiovascular risk factors. Hyperglycemia or excess of glucose in bloodstream reduces glycocalyx volume or it reduces capacity of vessel wall leading to cardiovascular risk.

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