Question

Which of the following processes is most likely to play a critical role in generating antibodies that effectively combat fungal infections?

Group of answer choices:

A.Fc receptors

B.Allelic exclusion

C.T cell help

D.Apoptosis

E.Use of the kappa (k) light chain

Answer 1

Answer is option c -T cell help.

description : T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland and plays a central role in the immune response. T cell can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T- cell receptor on the cell surface.

There are 4 main type of T cells

1. CD4+ Helper cells - helps in maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells.

2.CD8+ Cytotoxic cells- Causes lysis of virus infected and tumour cells.

3. Memory T cells

4. Natural killer T cells

In fungal infections, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells participate in the elimination of fungal pathogens.The most important CD4+ T cells in the antifungal immune response are the Th1 and Th17 helper T cells.

Fc receptor- It is an antibody receptor involved in antigen recognition which is located at the membrane of certain immune cells including B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells.

Allelic exclution- it is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other is silenced.

Apoptosis- it is a form of programmed cell death.

use of the kappa and light chain- light chains are proteins produced by immune cells called plasma cells. Also called kappa and Lamda light chains. they link together with other proteins to form immunoglobulins (antibodies) that target and neutralize specific threats to body such as bacteria and viruses.