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For your final project, choose three areas of healthcare ethics that interest you. These could be topical areas or current events. In a single document, summarize each of the three areas in two paragraphs per case, and why you would like to explore them. Ask one ethical and one legal question that might be present within the realm of each topic. 1, Confidentiality - The protection of private patient information in the medical field is one of the most important ethical issues that may arise in the field of healthcare. Conversations between a patient and a doctor are strictly confidential and access to them is strictly monitored. An ethics committee needs to make sure that its patients' medical records are safeguarded. Thanks to federal and state laws, they now are. 2.Terminally ill patients - As with elderly patients, terminally ill patients may have specific wishes for the manner in which they want their lives to end. Dealing with an issue such as euthanasia is very difficult and therefore requires a deep understanding of ethical processes. 3.  The Waiting List has been a growing problem in health care system as progressively increasing demand for health care services has put mounting pressure on the already strained health care systems in the country. Waiting for needed care may in some cases compromise the health status and outcomes of patients, impede their ability to return to normal functioning at work and at home, and may also contribute to psychological distress. Waiting lists may also contribute to inappropriate use of scarce resources as is the case when acute care beds are used for long-term care patients, or ICU beds for chronic care patients. Waiting lists also raise the issue of geographical inequities among regions or various health centres. To support your work, use your course and textbook readings and also use the South University Online Library. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Submission Detail Your assignment should be addressed in a 2- to 3-page document. Submit your document to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.
Due Date
May 16, 2018 11:59 AM

Answer 1

1.Confidentiality-in the health care system ,confidentiality refers to the the protection of the privacyof the client.Clients have a right to privacy in the health care system.A special relationship exists between the client and nurse,in which information discussed is not shared with a third party who is not directly involved in the clients care.Violation of privacy occurs in various ways such as taking photographs of the client,release of medical information to an unauthorized person,use of the clients name or picture for the health care agencys sole advantage,intrusion by the health care agency regarding the clients affairs,publication of information and embarassing facts about the client,public disclosure of private information,leaving the curtain or room door open while a treatment or procedure without the clients consent,accessing medical records when unauthorized to do so.

Nurses are bound to protect client confidentiality by most nurse practice acts,by ethical principles and standards,and by institutional and agency policies and procedures.disclosure of confidential information exposes the nurses to liability for invasion of the clients privacy.The nurse need to protect the client fro indiscriminate disclosure of health care information that may cause harm.Medical records are confidential .The client has the right to read the medical record and have copies of record.Only staff members involved in care have legitimate access to a clients record,these may include physicians and nurses caring for the client,technicians,therapists,social workers.Others must ask permission from the client to review a record.The medical records is sent to the records or the health information department after discharge of the client from the health care facility.With the new information technology and Electronic health records health care employees should have access only to clients records in the nursing unit or work area.Confidentiality can be protected by the use of special computer access codes to limit what employees have access to in computer systems.Therefore use of a password or identification code is needed to enter and sign off a computer system.A password should never be shared with another person.personal passwords should be changed periodically to prevent unauthorized computer access.

Terminally ill patients-The Patient self determination act is a law that indicates clients must be provided with information about their rights to identify written directions about the care they wish to recieve in the event that they become incapacitated and are unable to make health care decisions.On admission to a health care facility ,the client is asked about the existence of an advanced directive ,and if one exists,it must be documented and included as part of the medical record,if the client signs an advanced directive at the time of admission,it must be documented in the clients medical record.The two basic types of advance directives include living wills and durable powers of attorney.Do not resuscitate orders(DNR) is an order written by a physician when a client has indicated a desire to be allowed to die if the client suffers cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest.The client or his legal representative must provide informed consent for the DNR status.The DNR order must be defined clearly so that other treatment ,not refused by the client,will be continued.The DNR order must be reviewed regularly.All health care personnel must know whether a client has a DNR order.if the cllient does not have a DNR order ,health care personnel need to make every effort to revive the client.DNR protocols vary from state to state and it is very important for the nurse to know his or her state protocols.

Discussing advance directives with the client opens the communication channel to establish what is important to the client and what theclient may view as promoting life versusprolonged dying.The nurse needs to ensure that the client has been provided with information about the right to identify written directions about the care that the client wishes to recieveThe nurse ensures that the physician is aware of the presence of an advanced directive.All health care workers need to follow directions of an advanced directive to be safe from liability.Some agencies prohibit a nurse from signing as a witness to a legal document such as living will.

Waiting list-Prioritizing is deciding which needs or problems require immediate attention and which ones could tolerate a delay in response until a later time because they are not urgent.The clients and the client mutually rank the clients needs inorder of importance based on the clients preferences and expectations,safety,physical,and psychological needs.Therefore priorities are classified as high ,intermediate and low.Client needs that are life threatening and need immediate attention and could result in harm if left untreated are high priorities.

When providing care ,the nurse needs to decide which needs or problems require immediate action and which ones could be delayed until a later time because they are not urgent.The nurse consider client problems that involve actual or life threatening concerns before potential health-threatening concerns.Problems identified as important by the client must be given high priority.The nurse can also use Maslow Hierarchy of Needs theory as a guide to determine priorities and can also use Nursing process as a guide to determine priorities

REFERENCES-

-Potter P.(2009).Fundamentals of Nursing.St Louis:Mosby.

-C,J.(2008).Physical Examination and Health Assessment .St Louis:Saunders.

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