Question

1. What are starch molecules made of?

2. What are the common symptoms of type I diabetes?

3. What role does the pancreas play to regulate blood sugar?

4. How do you reduce your intake of refined carbohydrates?

5. What is the difference between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber?

6 .Define the two types of diabetes?

Answer 1

Solutions:

Ans1) Starch is a polysaccharide which is made up of glucose molecules ( monosaccharide).

Glucose molecules are arranged in two forms:

a) Straight chain- Glucose link with each other forming straight chain and are called amylose.

b). Branched chain- Some glucose branch out from the main chain forming branched chain and are called amylopectin.

Hence, starch is composed of two chains of amylose and amylopectin and both these chains are itself made of glucose molecules.

Ans 2) Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which the beta cells of pancreas responsible for secreting insulin are destroyed. It is also called autoimmune disease as beta cells are destroyed by immune cells.

Common symptoms of type1 diabetes:

a. Feeling thirsty

b. Unexplained Weight loss

c.Frequent urination

d. Fatigue

e. Skin and urinary tract infections.

Ans 3) Pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.

Insulin is produced by beta cells of pancreas. When blood glucose is high than normal, insulin secreted from beta cells bind to insulin receptors present on cell. In response to insulin cells they take up glucose inside. This reduces glucose level of blood bringing it back to normal sugar level.

Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen isin lowerthe liver as reserve food for future. When blood sugar level goes lower than normal, glucagon is released from alpha cells of pancreas. These glucagon instructs liver to breakdown glycogen to glucose and release in blood. Hence, this increases the blood sugar level back to normal.

Ans4) Fibres is a complex carbohydrate that does not raise blood sugar and are of two types:

Soluble fibres dissolves in water in the colon part and becomes a gel like substance which is further digested by intestinal bacteria

Insoluble fibre does not dissolve in water and is not digested at all.

Ans 5)The two types of diabetes mellitus are:

Type 1 diabetes: Insulin dependent diabetes in which immune cells destroys the beta cells of pancreas which is responsible to produce insulin. Hence insulin is deficient in type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes: Non insulin dependent diabetes in which insulin is produced normally but the insulin receptor on cells do not respond to the insulin and are resistant to it.