Question

‏What is the pathophysiology (symptoms and complications) of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Write only in points.

‏2. What is the medical nutrition therapy for type1 and type 2 diabetes. Write only in points.

‏3. What are the common causes of hypoglycemia in diabetes? Explain in detail.

Answer 1

(1) pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes is as follows= environmental trigger , genetic causes or autoimmune response cause destruction of beta cells . It lead to decrease the secretion of insulin ultimately increases​ the blood sugar level or hyperglycemia causing Type 1 diabetes.

Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is as follows= Release of insulin from the beta cells of pancreas but due to insulin resistance of cell , cells are unable to intake glucose lead to hyperglycemia causing Type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

•Fatigue • frequent urination • nausea

• Increased hunger • vision problems • headache • weakness

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes.

• Frequent urination • blurred vision • hunger

• dry mouth • lack of energy • itchy skin • weight loss

Complications in diabetes are as follows

Increase blood sugar level
High blood pressure
Cardiovascular diseases
Skin infectionsSkin infections
Neuropathy.

(2) medical nutrition therapy aims to treat diabetes and complications related to it .So education related to diabetes and it's management is provided to every patient.Nutrition therapy is provided to individual patient by the dietian. They suggest various changes in the diet and lifestyle also . Maintain dietary pattern is very important, regular exercise or workout and weight management is suggested to patient. Moniter glucose level, protein intake, fibre intake are advised. Vegetables , salads, fruits , legumes, cereals are included in diet. Avoid alcohol consumption , tobacco , processed food and meat .

(3)The common causes of hypoglycemia in diabetes are as follows.

When glucose level in blood falls it is hypoglycemia.

It may cause due to the medication use to treat diabetes.

Alcohol consumption.

Skipping a meal.

Increase physical activity or workout.