Question

Can someone write a proposal assignment on the topic "Indoor Mapping"; 1) Provide me an introductory statement and thesis statement which will cover all the info we're going to talk about in this topic 2) I need some supporting sentences and counter-argument statements. 3) Conclusion 4) Some sources if you can Thank will give thumbs up!

Please don't copy-paste from the net.

Answer 1

Proposal assignment on the topic "Indoor Mapping":

Indoor Mapping:

· It is also known as Indoor Positioning-, can be defined as its name indicates, as a mechanism that allows us to position objects and people in closed environments. In other words, it allows sensors – or mobile devices – to be tracked in an internal environment.

· Indoor mapping is a revolutionary concept that visualizes an indoor venue and spatial data on a digital 2D or 3D map. Showing places, people and assets on a digital map enables solutions such as indoor positioning and navigation.

· The indoor mapping allows us to collect real data of what is happening in our establishment.

· Indoor Mapping, is born as a response to the boom in the need for localization services that have been created in recent years. IoT, business Intelligence, Geo marketing and the advancement of technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), have been their precursors.

· The elaboration of indoor maps and the location of people or items in closed environments is nothing new, it has been done for a while. In fact, Google, through Google Indoor Maps is promoting such indoor mapping, to improve the experience of its users. However, Indoor Mapping solutions go further, they have endless possibilities in the marketing and business intelligence field. It provides companies and institutions with a tool for obtaining data on consumption and inflow in real time.

· Maze Map is an indoor map system for all types of large building complexes, such as universities, hospitals, office buildings, shopping malls or conference venues. Our mission is to show where everything is located indoors. We use artificial intelligence and machine learning to transform technical floor plans into beautiful and interactive indoor maps.

The Thesis Statement: How it works:

Indoor localization, navigation and mapping systems highly rely on the initial sensor pose information to achieve a high accuracy.

Most existing indoor mapping and navigation systems cannot initialize the sensor poses automatically and consequently these systems. Can not perform re localization and recover from a pose estimation failure. For most indoor environments, a map or a 3D model is often available, and can provide useful information for re localization. we propose a new lidar re localization method based on an existing 3D model of the indoor environment which is often available or can be easily created from a floor plan. The contributions of this are the followings:

(1) We present a novel pose estimation method using lidar data and a 3D model. We generate a set of synthetic range images using the 3D model. These synthetic range images are used to train a CNN regression network. Each synthetic range image is associated with a position and an orientation in the real building provided that the 3D model represents the building accurately.

(2) We show that the CNN regression network trained by synthetic range images generated from the 3D model can accurately estimate the pose of real range images captured by the lidar sensor in the indoor environment.

The Thesis Statement: Some technologies that could help you implement an indoor positioning solution.

1. Global Positioning System (GPS)

Everyone with a smartphone has GPS at their fingertips, and consumers can buy GPS modules for less than $50. Many real-time IoT asset tracking applications are now possible with the widespread availability of GPS.

Nonetheless, GPS still struggles in one key application—indoor tracking. GPS technology struggles to track well indoors because GPS signals may not be able to penetrate through built structures. You can use an indoor gateway to boost signals and give more accurate positions, but GPS is generally inaccurate for indoor tracking applications.

2. Radio Frequency (RF)

The next set of technologies is radio frequency (RF) indoor tracking, which uses beacons to communicate via WiFi or Bluetooth signals depending on the application. WiFi and Bluetooth technologies use parameters such as the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), Angle of Arrival (AoA), and Time of Arrival (ToA) to determine the location of a broadcasting device.

Given the obstacles an indoor scenario presents, you often need multiple receivers for these measurements. WiFi and Bluetooth receivers aren’t typically built to deal with this level of precision, so RSSI is the primary metric used for RF indoor tracking.

3. Ultrasonic

Ultrasonic sensors could be used in a sensor array to figure out where an asset is in an indoor space. Much like RF, we can use the sound waves to determine the RSSI, AoA, and ToA of a device. However, it’s much easier to determine distance because sound travels much slower than light, so the calculated distance using the ToA is typically much more accurate than RF. However, ultrasonic sensors are very limited in terms of the width of the beam pattern, which means they can detect assets far away, but neither too far left nor right of the ultrasonic beam.

4. Computer Vision

Indoor tracking uses computer vision much like any other computer vision application. A computer vision algorithm will identify the asset that needs to be tracked and follow it as it moves through the environment. This is part of the technology that Amazon uses in its Amazon Go stores to track customers as well as items for sale. However, this technology is very use case specific. For an RF application, it doesn’t matter whether a person or your pet dog is wearing the tracker. However, this makes a huge difference for a computer vision system.

5. Algorithms & Tuning

There are numerous computer vision algorithms, so I’ll just go over algorithms that are relevant to RF and ultrasonic indoor tracking technologies. Trilateration and triangulation are mathematical algorithms that use three beacons to determine the location of an asset. Trilateration and triangulation use distance and angles, respectively. These algorithms aren’t foolproof because RF and sonic waves don’t travel unobstructed to beacons. To account for obstruction, we can use empirical models to consider the time of day, number of assets, etc., to determine location more accurately. However, even using those aiding data, indoor positioning remains difficult. RF is only accurate to two or three meters—a significant area in a small office space, grocery store, or retail environment.

The final step here is to combine multiple sensor types using a technique called “sensor fusion.” An example of sensor fusion is using a BLE tag with an accelerometer and gyroscope. The accelerometer and gyroscope can give you the general movement and direction of a given asset, which can help you track it with RF technologies. With empirical models, you can get a better idea of an asset’s location compared to traditional RF tracking.

The Thesis Statement:USES OF INDOOR MAPPING

As you can imagine, indoor mapping, within the business and institutional environment has a large number of uses and applications. Here are some of the most important ones:

1)Positioning and location

Indoor mapping allows you to position objects and people in a closed environment. This is especially important in hospitals, airports and in general any environment with large concentrations of people. This allows for example to have patients, clients, children etc. always located within those spaces. Which is a qualitative advantage.

2) Calculation of the fastest route between two points

Another of the most common uses of indoor mapping is the calculation of the route between two points. It can be applied in stores and shopping centers where we would be able to locate ourselves and easily from the mobile determine how to reach the store or the product we came to buy.

At airports and subway or train stations also add value to the user. The greater the size of the establishment, the greater the utility of these applications.

3)Location of hot spots for sale

The applications of indoor mapping, in addition to geo locating people and objects in an indoor environment, it allows us through sensors, the collection of data in real time.

Thus we can know what points within the premises are those from which you buy more those from which you buy less and can modify the positioning of items that are easier to sell at those points where there are fewer purchases and vice versa to improve the final results.

4)Traffic management

Knowing the exact location of all the people and objects that are in our center in real time and the analysis of the historical data allows us to know which are the points with more agglomeration. This allows us to calculate alternative routes.

5)Improvement of the decision-making process

Data collection in real time, being able to know exactly what is being sold at each point, knowing the exact influx of people in the centre…. Each and every one of them are sources of information of invaluable value for those in charge of the management of any business.

6)Improve the user experience

Better traffic management, knowing exactly where you have to go, being able to easily locate you in a business, are some of the aspects that make indoor mapping help to improve the user experience and helping to improve the competitive position of the entity in question.

7)Offers Personalization

The most important requirement for indoor mapping applications to work is for the user to take their mobile or device with them and enter the app, allowing in commercial environments to associate a user with a particular purchase.

The Thesis Statement:Drawback of INDOOR MAPPING

1 An investment

Speaking of ROI, there’s no doubt that indoor positioning is an investment. First off all, it’s a subscription and not a one-off payment, and second of all, it’s time consuming to set up. Setting up an indoor positioning system usually means deploying Bluetooth beacons, but it also means fingerprinting your venue, which is a time consuming task..

2 Maintenance

Another disadvantage of IPS is the maintenance. The beacons themselves don’t require other maintenance than a new battery once in a while, and the best BLE beacons actually run five to eight years before their batteries need to be changed.

3 Finding the right provider

Indoor positioning is expensive so it’s important to find the provider that matches your needs the best. How accurate do you need the positioning to be? It’s a given you want a reliable solution, but if you’re guiding travelers around your airport, you don’t need the same accuracy as if you’re guiding people to the right book at a library or shoppers to the item on the shelf. You also need to think about the power consumption or if you need additional features like analytics, offline positioning, etc.

4 Bad positioning is worse than no indoor positioning

The indoor position market is a confusing market with a lot of different players who are all claiming to provide accurate indoor positioning, but you shouldn’t just take their word for it. Our advice is to go with a provider that has a good track record, because bad positioning is actually worse than no positioning. Say for instance you’re trying to find a meeting room in a large office building. A good indoor positioning system will show you your exact position, so you can easily navigate to the room, but a bad positioning system may think you’re on the 2nd floor instead for the 3rd. This means that the wayfinding solution will provide you with the wrong directions and you’ll be late for your meeting.

The Thesis Statement:Indoor mapping Simplifying Spatial Communication For Everyone

· Visitors

Venue visitors can orient themselves to search, find and efficiently discover what they are looking for and what is around them.

· Customer Experience

Across verticals, the number one question venue staff get asked starts with “Where is …”. Empower visitors to answer these questions themselves and dramatically improve customer satisfaction.

· Marketers

Utilize multiple digital channels to drive visitor awareness, promote venue offerings and gather location analytics.

· Facilities / IT

Give staff the capability to track people, places and things in real-time. Have a single source of information that can easily be shared across the organization.

Conclusion

There are numerous technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth Low-Energy , Ultrasonic, Computer Vision, etc., which can be deployed to track assets indoors. However, indoor mapping is difficult because of accuracy limitations due to the underlying technology and because of shifting indoor environments. Methods such as empirical models and sensor fusion can be used to account for these issues, yet robust and flexible deployments remain a huge challenge.