Question

can someone provide me the constitutional isomers of c5h12f2? can you also provide the name of the isomers? Thank you so much

Answer 1

A compound with the formula C3H8 has only one possible structure. Increase the number of carbons to make C4H10, however, and there are now two possible structures. as the complexity of the molecule increases, the number of possible structures for each molecular formula only rises. Different structures corresponding to the same molecular formula are called isomers. The naming system for isomers is the same as for any other organic compound. While the names are not easy to say, they make it easy to figure out the structure from the name, since a given molecular formula does not necessarily correspond to a single structure.

• 1

  Draw the structural formulas for the isomers you need to name. If working in the lab, you already have a structure that you identified based on the NMR spectra, the IR absorption spectra, etc. If you work this problem on a homework assignment, on the other hand, you receive given structural formulas to start from.

• 2

  Determine whether the isomers in question are alkanes, alkenes or alkynes. Alkanes have only single carbon-carbon bonds, while alkenes have one or more double bonds and alkynes have one or more triple bonds.

• 3

  Identify any rings in the structure. Identify the following functional groups (where -R is any carbon chain):

  R-OH = alcohol

  R-COOH = carboxylic acid

  R-COO-R = ester

  R-O-R = ether

  R-NH2 = amine

  R-CHO = aldehyde

  RC(=O)R = ketone

  There are others, but these are the most important ones you need to know.

• 4

  If the compound has multiple functional groups, determine which of these is highest-priority. The priority sequence for functional groups is as follows (from highest priority to lowest):

  carboxylic acid

  aldehyde

  ketone

  ester

  alkene

  alkyne

  alcohol

  amine

  ether

• 5

  Find the longest carbon chain in the molecule that contains the highest-priority functional group. If multiple chains exist that contain the highest-priority functional group, pick the longest one. If two or more chains are of equal length, pick the one that has the greatest number of substituents attached, such as side chains, functional groups or halogens.

• 6

  Choose the base name corresponding to the number of carbons in the carbon chain. The names are as follows:

  methane = 1 carbon

  ethane = 2 carbons

  propane = 3 carbons

  butane = 4 carbons

  pentane = 5 carbons

  hexane = 6 carbons

  heptane = 7 carbons

  octane = 8 carbons

  nonane = 9 carbons

  decane = 10 carbons

  undecane = 11 carbons

  dodecane = 12 carbons

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