Question

In: Biology

Please answer questions completely in short answer format! Thanks 1. what are 4 sumilaraties between smooth...

Please answer questions completely in short answer format! Thanks
1. what are 4 sumilaraties between smooth and skeletal muscles? What are 4 differences?
2. what is role of ATP in a muscle cell? (reference either smooth or skeletal muscle)
3. how are aerobic respiration and fermentation similar? Different?
4. what do PTH and calcutonin have in common (2 similarities)
5. how does the body maintain calcium homeostasis if Calcitonin does not play a major role in the hunan body?
6. If a person cant produce calcitonin or PTH what could be done to make sure body maintains homeostasis?
7. what is an autoimmune disease?
8. name 1 autoimmune disease & explain how it affects the human body?
9. how could you treat this disease? are there any negative impacts(complications) exected in your treatment?
SHORT ANSWER FORM PLEASE & THANKS!! I RATE HIGH

Solutions

Expert Solution

1. Similarities:
Elongated muscle fibers
Muscle contraction requires actin and myosin
Absence of discs
Muscle terminology is similar

Differences:
Skeletal muscle:
Striated
Multinucleated
Voluntary control
Speed of contraction = Fast

Smooth muscle:
Non-striated
Uninucleated
Involuntary control
Speed of contraction = Slow

2. ATP is the universal cellular currency. It is required for muscle contraction.
ATP is responsible for pulling back the myosin head. It is also required for cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin.

3. Aerobic respiration involves the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O. It includes the following steps
a. Glycolysis
b. Link reaction
c. TCA cycle
d. Electron transport chain
Net yield = 32 ATP
It occurs only in the presence of oxygen (i.e. The terminal electron acceptor = Molecular oxygen)

Anaerobic respiration involves incomplete oxidation of glucose to ethanol or lactate.
Net yield = 2 ATP
It occurs in the absence of oxygen (i.e. It is an intramolecular oxidation reaction)


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