1. .....Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound, except

   		bases.
   		rocks.
   		salts.
   		acids.
   		water.

A.... Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as

B .... Which of the following substances would be most acidic?

C ... A(n) ________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions.

D ... Because water has a high heat of vaporization it

E...If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is

F ....The primary high energy molecule formed and used in the cell is

G...Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with

H...All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they

I....Which of the following statements about water is not correct?

1. How do the dural sinuses form?
2. Explain habituation.
3. Define the reticular formation in one sentence.
4. What is a common feature of cranial nerves III, IV, & VI?
5. What functions are usually attributed to the right cerebral hemisphere?

A neuron is poisoned with a chemical, which is an inhibitor of the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase. Explain what would happen to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the cell (will it depolarize, hyperpolarize or remain the same). In your answer,

a.)identify the three factors that determine RMP in a neuron,

b.) identify whether each factor causes membrane potential to be more or less negative, and

c.) explain whether or not the chemical would affect each factor.

3. What is the best means of including antioxidants in your diet?

1. Match each statement with the appropriate nerve.

A. Axillary     B. femoral      C. fibular    D. obturator      E. radial      F. phrenic      G. ulnar

            ______ Forms from the cervical plexus.

            ______ Damage to this nerve would prevent extension at the knee.

            ______ Stimulation of this nerve would trigger adduction at the hip.

            ______ Damage to this nerve might weaken flexion at the wrist.

2. Match each phrase with the appropriate structure associated with the spinal cord.

A. ventral root      B. ventral horn      C. ventral ramus      D. dorsal root      E. dorsal horn   F. dorsal ramus

______ Origin of somatic motor neurons.

______ Contains only sensory fibers.

______ Carries only fibers connecting to the central region of the back.

3. What is the reason for the two enlargements in the spinal cord?
4. Describe the distal (inferior) end of the spinal cord and the contents of the vertebral canal below L2.
5. Explain why the crossed extension reflex must accompany a withdrawal reflex of the leg.

This is for chapters 13, 14, 15, and 16 in the anatomy SALDIN textbook, I am really struggling please give as many details as possible I haven't been getting full credit from the answers I have received from here.. THANK YOU SO SO MUCH.

1. How does accommodation of muscle spindles figure in the importance of stretch routines as a warm-up for exercise?

2. Lionel suffered a ruptured artery in his middle cranial fossa. As a consequence a pool of blood compressed his left optic tract, destroying its fibers. What part of the visual field was blinded?

3. Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb and then noticed his arms were getting weaker and tingling. Explain what you think could be his problem.

4. After surgery, patients are often temporarily unable to urinate, and bowel sounds are absent.   What division of the ANS is affected by anesthesia?

5. Describe how vibration of the tympanic membrane ultimately produces fluctuations of membrane voltage in a cochlear hair cell?

1. Trace the path of cerebrospinal fluid from where it is formed to where it is reabsorbed back into the blood.

2. Match each function with the appropriate area of the brain.

A. Basal nucleus                     C. Hypothalamus                    E. Precentral gyrus          G. Superior colliculus

B. Cerebellum                                     D. Inferior colliculus             F, Postcentral gyrus    H. Insula

______ Primary sensory area.

______ Suppress unwanted motor activity.

______ Involved in auditory reflexes.

______ Controls some endocrine functions.

3. How do the dural sinuses form?
4. Explain habituation.
5. Define the reticular formation in one sentence.
6. What is a common feature of cranial nerves III, IV, & VI?
7. What functions are usually attributed to the right cerebral hemisphere?

1. Select the most correct answer:

1. Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing & digesting microorganisms
2. An Antigen is anything foreign (non-self), or perceived as foreign
3. A Pathogen is a disease-causing antigen
4. A and C are correct
5. A and B and C are correct

2. The three steps of the 1^st stage of wound healing are:

1. Hemostasis, clot retraction, fibrinolysis
2. Hemostasis, platelet plug formation, coagulation
3. Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
4. Vascular spasm, clot retraction, fibrinolysis
5. Hemostasis, vascular spasm, coagulation

3. 98.5% of our O₂ (oxygen) is transported in the bloodstream:

1. As dissolved in the plasma
2. Bound to hemoglobin (Hb) as Hb-O₂
3. As HCO₃ (bicarbonate ion)
4. Bound to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
5. Ooops, I didn’t study. I thought summer school was going to be eeezy.

4. Vascular spasm (vasospasm):

1. Is a response to blood vessel damage, activated platelets, and reflexes initiated by pain receptors

2. Constricts the fibrin threads, closing the wound

3. Is the 1^st step in hemostasis in which the injured vessel vaso-constricts (vaso-C)

4. A & C are true concerning vascular spasm (vasospasm)

5. Dissolves the fibrin threads, closing the wound

5. Red blood cells /RBC’s /erythrocytes:

a. Contain the pigmented protein hemoglobin

b. Are biconcave meaning that they have 2 nuclei

c. Transport oxygen, and are the most abundant of all the blood cells

d. All of the above are true concerning RBC’s

e. Only A & C are correct

1. What are two forms of blood doping that result in polycythemia, and what are the potential health risks associated with these practices? How would you expect endogenous erythropoietin levels in those who engage in blood doping to compare with those in normal individuals? Explain your answer.

Why can cancers of endocrine glands lead to hormonal imbalances?