1. As fishes evolved in to amniotes, fertilzation:

   		evolved from external to internal
   		remained internal
   		evolved from internal to external
   		remained external

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QUESTIO14

1. Calcified teeth originated in the first:

   		vertebrates
   		gnathostomes
   		chordates
   		animals

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QUESTION13

1. When fossil evidence is taken to account, a bony skeleton appeared first in the:

   		first osteichthyans
   		first gnathostomes
   		first chordates
   		first vertebrates

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QUESTION 22

1. In most amniotes, the main site of gas exchange is the:

   		pharynx
   		skin
   		lungs

If the ECF is hypertonic with respect to the ICF, water will move

options:

in response to the sodium-potassium exchange pump

. in both directions until osmotic equilibrium is restored.

from the ECF into the cells until osmotic equilibrium is restored

. from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored.

Proteins destined for the nucleus contain a "nuclear localization signal" or NLS. How does the the NLS direct the protein to the nucleus?

You have identified a new gene in the superchick stimulated growth factor pathway. Interestingly, both copies of the gene must be mutant in order for the phenotype of excessive growth to appear. Which of the following could explain the function of your gene?

John has an injury to the lower thoracic spinal cord experienced a loss of pain sensation on the right side of the lower body following the injury since ________?

a. the left side of the spinal cord contains neuronal bodies that transmit painful stimuli from both sides of the body.

b. thalamocortical neurons send collaterals that cross over the midline of the brain, innervating the somatosensory cortex on the contralateral side of the body from the lesion.

c. the nucleus gracilis receives input from the contralateral nociceptive DRG neurons

d. DRG neurons transmitting ascending nociceptive information cross over the midline of the spinal cord at the spinal segment receiving the input.

e. the right side is primarily innervated by TrkC-expressing neurons in left DRGs

Within the ANS, where are cholinergic versus adrenergic fibers found?

Among the pathogens that can cause respiratory illnesses are the coronaviruses. What are coronaviruses? How dangerous is the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, first identified in December in Wuhan, China, in comparison to flu viruses?

You can find information about this topic in various online newspapers (such as the NY Times) and other publications, which you can use as your reference citations. While it is acceptable to include one or two short quotations from your sources, most of the information should be put into your own words.

Be sure to cite at least 2 sources, and list them in the 'Works cited' at the end; you may use either the MLA or APA format; in the "Useful Links",

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Your sister Sue has not been feeling well so she went to see her doctor. Her doctor had her go to the lab and have several blood tests done. Sue is anxious to know what is wrong so she picks up a copy of the lab report. Sue comes to you in hopes that you can help her understand the report. The following are the results of the lab report.

                                                Value               Range            

WBC                            H          12                    [4.4-10.5]                   x10   3/mm3

RBC                                         4                      [3.75-5.00]                  x10   6/mm3

Hemoglobin                L          10                    [11.4-14.7]                  G/DL

Hematocrit                              35                    [34.3-45.5]                  %

Platelet count                          300                  [139-361]                    x10   3/mm3

Which values of this part of the report are out of the normal range? And are the values low or high?

Your sister Sue has not been feeling well so she went to see her doctor. Her doctor had her go to the lab and have several blood tests done. Sue is anxious to know what is wrong so she picks up a copy of the lab report. Sue comes to you in hopes that you can help her understand the report. The following are the results of the lab report.

Value Range WBC H 12 [4.4-10.5] x10 3/mm3 RBC 4 [3.75-5.00] x10 6/mm3 Hemoglobin L 10 [11.4-14.7] G/DL Hematocrit 35 [34.3-45.5] % Platelet count 300 [139-361] x10 3/mm3

Which values of this part of the report are out of the normal range? And are the values low or high?

Why might each value be at these levels?

Here is another portion of the lab report.

Value Range Neutrophils 60.0 [50.0-70.0] % Lymphocytes 35.0 [20.5-45.0] % Monocytes 6.0 [1-15] % Eosinophils H 7.0 [0-5] % Basophils 1.75 [0-2] %

Which value is out of the normal range? And is it high or low?

Why might the value be at this level?

As you are talking with Sue she tells you that she recently came back from a jungle trip in the tropics. Also, when she left on her trip she forgot to take her iron supplements with her. From this bit of the conversation can you give her anymore help? If so, what can you tell her?

6. Which of the following statements
about the pancreas are false?
a. The pancreas consists of
islets of Langerhans.
b. The islets consists of three
cell types.
c. Alpha cells produce insulin.
d. Beta cells produce insulin.

7. The adrenal gland consists of how
many functionally distinct types of
tissue?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four

8. The pituitary gland is controlled by
the:
a. Hypothalamus
b. Thalamus
c. Thyroid
d. Parathyroid

List general responses to increased sympathetic activity and to parasympathetic activity.

Which neurons associated with olfaction are capable of regenerating?

What is the function of the auditory tube?

Describe the function of receptors in the saccule and utricle.

Name the fluids found within the vestibular duct, tympanic duct, and cochlear duct.

Beginning ar the external acoustic meatus, list the events in hearing.

Which layer of the eye would be the first affected by inadequate tear production?

What gives the eyes their characteristic color?

List the structures and fluids that light passes through from the cornea to the retina.

Identify the three types of cones.

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