Question

In your own words write a summary about anti smoking messages in the United state

Answer 1

There has been evidence for the effectiveness of anti-smoking media campaigns. This success is reflected in the facts the smoking rate among adults in the United States is decreasing (22.1% in 2003), and that smoking rates among youth have declined considerably since 1997. However, the smoking rate among adults is falling too slowly to meet the government's goal of 12% or less by 2010. To increase campaign success, it is important to understand the impact of message features and how messages are processed in order to develop effective health messages.

There is evidence that anti-smoking ads that activate strong negative emotions are better received and associated with decreased intention to smoke, while messages that simply present health consequences of smoking might not work.

Message framing thus involves a message source placing a target, in an interpretive framework and laying out the basic premises upon which arguments regarding the target might be developed. It consists of highlighting some aspects of a perceived reality and making them more salient in a communicative context in such a way as to promote a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and/or treatment recommendation. Such frames that reside in the discourse can be labeled as message frames.

In this perspective (framing effect), therefore, framing effect can be defined as such a social influence process: exposure to a message frame → activation of corresponding interpretative principle → processing the message within this framework → message impact. In other words, the framing effect is caused by message frames, but mediated by psychological frames.