Question

Explain with appropriate details, the normal anatomy and Physiology of the organs/structures and Physiological processes affected by rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 1

Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle.

Muscle breakdown causes the release of myoglobin protein which stores oxygen in your muscles.if you have too much myoglobin in your blood it can cause kidney damage.

The possible causes for rhabdomyolysis are intense excercise like marathon running(when poorly hydrated)a crushing injury to the skeletal muscle in an accident,usage of drugs that interfere with potassium levels.,venom from snakes or insects.,infection with influenza A virus Epstein Barr virus ,some genetic disorders like glycogen storage defects.,mitochondrial myopathies.,

anatomy and physiology of damaged muscle:;when muscle tissue is damaged it rapidly fills with fluid from the blood stream including sodium ions.the swelling itself leads to destruction of muscle cells.

Then the neutrophil granulocytes enter the muscle producing inflammatory reaction after the crush injury.the swelling also comprises the blood supply to the area.finally destroyed muscle cells release potassium ions, phosphate ions,myoglobin, creative kinase enzyme,Uric acid formed from breakdown of purines from DNA ..phosphate binds to calcium leading to low levels of calcium in blood.

Physiology process affected by rhabdomyolysis.:

Creatine in blood and urine which is a break down product created by muscle is normally removed by kidney.,The most important is the accumulation of myoglobin in the kidneys.iron released from the heme of myoglobin generates reactive oxygen species damaging kidney cells.,glomerular filtration rate falls and the kidney is unable to perform its normal excretory functions this causes disruption in electrolyte regulation and causes further increase of potassium levels and interferes with vitamins D processing, further worsening the low calcium levels.this further leads to the reduced amount of urine and swelling of your ankles and feet from retention of fluids caused by failure of kidneys to eliminate waste ..this further leads to tea coloured urine .,muscle pains ., and irregular heartbeats.