Question

7) Compare and contrast (that means tell me how they are similar AND how they are different) gene regulation mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Explain why regulation is more complex in multicellular eukaryotic organisms as compared to prokaryotic organisms by providing examples of eukaryotic gene regulation mechanisms (you don’t have to give me all the steps, just the concepts).

Answer 1

Ans:- similarity in gene expression in eukaryotes and prokaryotes include they both use DNA strand to make RNA, they both have translation process takes place on ribosome.

difference:- eukaryotes have as linear DNA where as prokaryotes have circular DNA (bacteria), in eukaryotes transcription (DNA to RNA) occurs in nucleus in translation in Cytoplasma. in prokaryotes both transcription and translation occurs in cytoplasm as there is no nucleus in prokaryotes. in eukaryotes there are three different RNA polymerase I, II, and III involved in transcription of different RNA where as prokaryotes has only one RNA polymerase involved in transcription. prokaryotes only has -35, -10 and upstream promotor region where as eukaryotes have more complex promo tore region. in eukaryotes pre mature mRNA forms after transcription which undergo spilicing and become mature mRNA where as prokaryotes directly synthesize mature mRNA.

eukaryotic gene regulation:- gene regulation is tightly controlled in eukaryotes by repressor and transcription activators. first step in gene regulation is DNA unwinding and then identification of promotor region by transcription factors (TIIF A to G, TBA). transcription factor then recruit RNA polymerase to initiator region where transcription initiate. there are three type of RNA polymerase I, II, and III depending upon RNA to be transcribe transcription factor recruit RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase transcribe pre mature m RNA to 5' to 3' direction which then under go splicing to form mature RNA. mature RNA then translocate to cytoplasm where it bind to ribosome and translation of protein take place.