Question

4. ATTITUDES and PERSUASION

a). Explain the embodied nature of emotion and cognition and describe two research studies that show the relation between bodily movements and attitudes.

b)  Describe the basics of terror management theory and identify two situations in which this theory might be useful in explaining people’s attitudes or behaviors.

Answer 1

a) In Psychology, the concept of emotion is portrayed as an experience which is subjective in nature and which is characterized by physical and biological reactions. Theories suggest that emotions are related to people's perceptual and motor functions. Embodied emotion is recognized by changes in physical features and secretion of certain hormones in the human body. Emotional experiences consist of three components; namely, a subjective experience followed by physical responses and related emotional responses.

Embodied cognition suggests that body and mind are mutually related and influence each other.Our thoughts and feelings are formed by the combined contribution of our brain and the interaction with the outside world through sence organs.

The connection between mind and body is investigated by a research study namely dance//movement therapy (DMT).The DMT theory suggests that changes in bodily expressions create corresponding effects on the thinking pattern and emotions ,and vice versa. It emphasizes the concept of combined work of mind and body in certain occasions.

Another theory which explains the relation between bodily movements and attitudes is physical activity and it's effect on academic performance. This theory suggests that academic performance of a student can be improved by engaging in physical activities. It emphasizes the inclusion of physical education in the school curriculum,for better academic performance .

b) Terror management theory was put forward by Jeff Greenberg ,Sheldon Solomon and Tom Pyszczynski.It suggests that people try to prove that they play an important role in minimizing the terror factor ,by becoming aware of their existence.As per terror management theory (TMT) people are forced to accept broader views of life as a result of the fear of death.TMT explains the importance of self esteem to humans ,unlike animals.

The concept of life after physical end is an example of TMT theory ,for it manipulates the attitudes and behaviour of people .The fear of being punished for the sins committed during lifetime force people to review their deeds and acts.It changes their way of thinking,attitude towards others in a positive way.

Another situation in which TMT is applicable is when facing an unexpected calamity, war etc.The fear of death changes the way in which people think and act and it creates a catharsis effect upon them.While facing a fearful and hostile situation one suddenly becomes conscious of the effects of one's actions and changes to a more humane attitude.