Question

Write a formal research of 2000 words (a+10% allowance accepted) excluding the references list , the research will be about one of the project management stages which is “mistakes of construction”

You should start by explaining the importance of this stage "mistakes in construction"

and discuss what makes a project successful in this stage also.

Support the report with examples to explain what project managers did right or what they could have improved or cause study. Use the following main headings (sub-headings can be added as appropriate):

* Introduction: This should be designed to interest reader in the topic and provide some historical/cultural context for your research. At the end of this section you must include a research statement to indicate to the reader that you are looking at the topic through a critical, analytic lens - this statement should clearly state your intentions using a critical writing (i.e., "This research project will investigate..."). A good formula for an introduction is context + problem/issue + proposed argument or research question. Each stage in this formula should be a few sentences long.

* Literature Review (the main body of your report): Here, situate your proposed topic in the context of relevant research. Explain the how specific bodies of literature relate to the research scope (stages of construction project and construction management)

The literature review section should depend heavily on the literature; all sentences unless a very known fact like (the sky is blue) should be backed up with a reference from the literature. Apply the Harvard or APA in-text referencing style consistently and appropriately. Use Google scholar and the university online library resources to find literature. Only academic sources should be used (peer-reviewed Journal articles, books, official reports and conference proceedings). Any other sources including (websites, blogs, Wikipedia …etc.) should NOT be used.

* Conclusion: summarise your research findings and explain how these provide contribution to knowledge or the profession of project management.

Please the work should be not copied and also should be satisfy the criteria above.

Answer 1

MISTAKES IN CONSTRUCTIONS

We all knows that, the world is developed day by day. The costruction technologies are achived new mild stone in the consruction industries.But there may be some difficulties and errors in the designs . These design errors are the root causes of collapse of huge projects, this may lead in to the death injury of the public. So the prevenion of such accidetal errors should be cosidered as an important aspects in the construction field. So, ew have to give more effort to identiy possible ways to prevent the falires of the construction. Hence we have to lern from the case stuy.

• CAUSES OF ERRORS
• in design stage

1. site selection
2. site evelopment techniques
3. design errors

• in costuction stage

1. costuction errors
2. poor quality of materials

• servies stage

1. errors in exicution

• STRUCTURAL FALIURES

1. Poor communication between the employees and professionals
2. bad workmanship
3. lack of appropriate design and construction experiences
4. errors in calculations
5. poor field inspection

• CASE STUDIES

Some case studies are done to understand the faliure in the consruction field. they are :

• poor conceptual design
• design inadequacry
• poor detailing
• poor judgement

POOR CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

1. In 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge was opened across Tacoma Narrows in Washington state.
2. on nov 7 1940 with a wind speed of about 60 km/hr the brigdge began twisting and oscilating violently. these causing the entire structre to crash in to the river.
3. these may due to the lack of proper understanding of the wind force and the design of suspention briges

DESIGN INADEQUACY

Cleddu Brige ,Milford Haven (UK)

1. On 2 june 1970 Cleddu Brige ,Milford Haven was failed during its erection by cantilevering segment of the span out from the piers.
2. its collapse was due to the bulking of diaphram at the support

POOR DETAILING

King's Bridge ,Melbourne

1. on 10th july 1962 it failed when a 45 tone vechile passing over it.
2. its failure indicates that due to brittile fracture . inproper detailing of the reinforceent

CONCLUSION

• A structre if regularly maintained then thre will not be expenssive repair work
• design errors should be find out during stage of planning
• the costruction error should be find out by proper inspection during the exicution of work