Question

Instructions

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Influenza is a virus that can be easily spread from person to person and kills thousands of people each year. Healthcare workers are at risk of exposing themselves to infectious diseases from patients and material and therefore can also potentially transmit these diseases to others. Preventing and controlling the spread of vaccine preventable diseases in the health care setting is vital to ensure proper infection control practices should an outbreak occur. As such, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) strongly recommend vaccination of health care workers.

You are a public health researcher. You have been asked to identify a vaccine-preventable disease and create a 10- to 12-slide presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint on a research design. Your research design should focus on determining why health care workers are not receiving the vaccination for your selected vaccine-preventable disease in their place of employment.

The presentation should also include the following:

• Researched and identified the disease to create a research plan
• An introduction and synopsis of the selected disease
• History of the public health issue or disease
• Social or behavioral antecedents related to the disease
• Epidemiological relevance of the disease
• Proposed research design
• Sampling plan
• Strengths and weaknesses of chosen research design

Answer 1

SLIDE- 1

VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES

The most common and serious vaccine-preventable diseases tracked by the World Health Organization (WHO) are: diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infection, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus, tuberculosis, and yellow fever.

SLIDE- 2

MEASLES

Measles is caused by morbillivirus, which is mostly seen in the winter and spring. It's spread from one child to another through direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat. Sometimes, it is spread through airborne droplets (from a cough or sneeze) from an infected child.

SLIDE- 3

IMMUNIZATION OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS

During outbreaks of measles, rubella, or mumps, serologic screening before vaccination is not recommended because rapid vaccination is necessary to halt disease transmission. Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) trivalent vaccine is the vaccine of choice.

SLIDE-4

PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE

Measles is an exemplar of a public health issue that matters to critical care. Measles is a highly contagious virus and a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. It is spread to others through respiratory secretions, including by coughing or sneezing.

SLIDE-5

SOCIAL OR BEHAVIORAL ANTECEDENTS

Measles is highly transmissible; almost all non-immune children contract measles if exposed to infection. Poorly nourished children and those whose immune systems have been weakened by HIV/AIDS or other diseases are severely at high risk of developing measles complication and death.

SLIDE-6

  EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Measles kills more children than any other vaccine-preventable disease. Before the widespread use of vaccine, 90% of children had contracted measles by the age of 10 years. An effective vaccine has been available since the 1960s, and all countries offer measles-containing vaccine (MCV) in their immunization programmes.

SLIDE-7

PROPOSED RESEARCH DESIGN

Proposed Research Design we selected was Survey:
Surveys are commonly used to estimate measles vaccination coverage in developing countries: 1.Demographic and health surveys, 2. Multiple indicator cluster surveys,
3. Expanded Programme on Immunization cluster surveys
4.Surveys based on lot quality assurance sampling.
5. Expanded Programme on Immunization cluster surveys have been used to assess coverage in supplementary measles or measles–rubella immunization activities.
6. These surveys often include some evaluation of routine immunization, the communication strategies that have been used and the reasons for non-vaccination.

SLIDE - 8

VACCINATION POLICY

Vaccination policies are based on the assumption that a vaccine only protects against the targeted disease. New knowledge indicates that this perception should be revised: Vaccines may affect the overall mortality and morbidity through training of the immune system.

SLIDE - 9

RESEARCH REPORT

In May 2015, the journal Science published a report in which researchers found that the measles infection can leave a population at increased risk for mortality from other diseases for two to three years.Results from additional studies that show the measles virus can kill cells that make antibodies were published in November 2019.

SLIDE-10

STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESS OF THE SURVEY    

1. Strengths of survey research include its cost effectiveness, generalizability, reliability, and versatility.

2. Weaknesses of survey research include inflexibility and issues with depth.

SAMPLING PLAN

Sampling plan is based on the availability

Sampling plan is a base from which the research starts and includes the following three major decisions:

1) Sampling unit- Choose the population.

2) Sample size - Number of members in the population.

3) Sampling procedure - Method to select the number of population.

Note - Please follow the above slides data to create a power point presentation