Question

1)   Theories have an important place in psychology. We can understand better ourselves and others behaviors and thoughts by looking at the theories. New theories of crime were being studied by psychologists. These theories began to develop in the early 1900s. Your task is to search Biological, Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime and then you need to write your findings with your own thoughts and words.
Your word limit is 750-1000

Answer 1

Crimes generally take place with a cause. there will be a strong cause for the crime for a person to do. Crime is a highly Complex phenomenon that changes from one culture to another culture. the crime in one country may not be a crime in the another country for example alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom is not a a crime but it in strict Muslim countries it is a big crime. so we cannot define to the simple question what is crime?.

This briefing provides an overview of some of the key criminological theories that search to explain the causes of crime. each of the theories covered has its own strengths and weaknesses, and this theory are applicable to certain types of crimes and not others. the theories covered can be categorised into three main approaches.

1. biological theories

2. sociological theories

3. psychological theories

1. Biological theories: biological theories of crime asserted a link between certain biological conditions and an increased tendency to engage in criminal behaviourThe idea of criminal activity is genetic and is the result of some defect that can be measured. criminal acts have been linked with roles taken by heritable characteristics, the biochemical functioning of the brain and nervous system and the impact of things such as nutrition. biological theories are are positivistic as the attribute criminal behaviour to internal factors that are beyond and individuals control. Biological theories have continued to develop measuring physical features of the body like biochemical conditions which is linked to poor diet for hormone imbalance, neurophysiologic conditions that is learning disabilities caused by brain damage, genetic inheritance for abnormality and intelligence. The biological studies have found general evidence for a connection between biology and criminality for both twins and adoptees. twins are more likely to exhibit similar tendencies towards criminality if they are identical and if they are fraternal. The fact that identical twins are more similar genetically than fraternal twins suggest the existence of genetic influence on criminal behaviour. Certain neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain is also a specific factor associated with an increased risk of engaging in criminal behaviour.

2. Sociological theories: the largest number of criminological theories have been developed through social logical inquiry. These theories have generally asserted that criminal behaviour is a normal response of of biological E and psychological normal individuals to a particular kinds of social circumstances. Social logical approaches suggest that crime is shaped by factors external to the individual: their experiences within the neighborhood, the peer group and the family. The sociological theory has proved that the patterns of delinquency e were higher in areas characterized by poor housing, Poor health, socio economic disadvantages and transient populations. the sociological theories also claimed that areas settled by newly arrived immigrants experienced a breakdown of social norms due to ethnic diversity and competing cultural traditions. conventional Institutions of social control were therefore weekend and unable to regulate the behaviour of local youth. the place and space also plays a very important role in this sociological theories like defensible space theory which examines how the design of physical space is related to crime, broken Windows theory, which looks the relationship between low level disorder and crime and routine activities theory which considers how opportunities to commit crime are shaped by between people's everyday movements through space and time

3. Psychological theories :Psychologist Approach the task of explaining delinquent and criminal behaviour by focusing on and individuals personality. In particular, examine the process by which behaviour and restraints on behaviour are learned. This process often consists as being the result of the interaction of biological predisposition and social experiences. according to Sigmund Freud the human nature includes egg rate reservoir of instinct drive that demand gratification most of the time the crime is associated with certain mental conditions, mental illness is generally the cause of a relative Lee small proportion of crimes but it's perceived importance maybe exaggerated by the seriousness of some of the crimes committed by persons with mental disorders.

To conclude the crimes are happening due to biological, sociological and psychological factors depending upon the person. The biological reasons may be genetic inheritance which is inherited from their parents in doing the crime. The sociological reasons may have influenced the person to do the crime because of the environment they are growing, the society might have changed forcibly to do the crime. Psychological problems like mental conditions might have influenced them to do the crimes. The criminal theories have been studied by the researchers but there should be counseling for the criminals to change all the behaviours.