BASES OF BEHAVIOR SHORT ESSAY WORKSHEET

BACKGROUND:  

In Chapter 2 of your textbook, the textbook authors discuss the contemporary perspectives on abnormal behavior. These are different points of view about why people do what they do. Each of the perspectives focuses upon a specific basis (source) of behavior. Each source is considered the main factor in determining abnormal behavior.

There are 7 perspective that are mentioned in Chapter 2, the Biological Perspective, the Psychodynamic Perspective (Models), the Learning-Based Perspective (Models), the Humanistic Perspective (Models), the Cognitive Perspective (Models), the Sociocultural Perspective, and the Biopsychosocial Perspective.

The objective of this assignment is to have you write two to three sentences about each of these 7 perspectives, or points of view about the fundamental causes of abnormal behavior. In just two to three sentences, identify the basic factors (sources) considered to cause abnormal behavior. Your work will be a measure of how well you understand the different sources (causes) of abnormal behavior.

DIRECTIONS:

Refer to the worksheet below these directions as you study them.

1. On the worksheet below write two to three sentences beside each psychological perspective, accurately identifying the factors said to be the cause of abnormal behavior.

You will earn (2 points) for your accurate remarks about each of these 7 perspectives. (all together 14 possible points)   

2. You will earn an additional (1 point) if you download and save JUST THE PORTION OF THIS WORKSHEET BELOW FROM THE WORDS “STUDENT‘S NAME” AND CONTINUING TO THE END OF THE WORKSHEET, AND do your work on that portion of this worksheet you saved, AND submit your completed work through the Wk4 Bases of Behavior Short Essay Submission Link no later than its deadline.

If Moodle is not working properly, you may email your completed worksheet to me at [email protected] to avoid missing its deadline.   

3. You can earn a maximum of 15 points for this assignment. The point value for each of the required elements in this assignment is listed in the parenthesis beside each element below.

STUDENT’S NAME:

THE WORKSHEET:

Beside each of the following 5 psychological perspectives, write two to three sentences accurately describing the factors considered to be the causes of abnormal behavior.

(2 points) 1. Biological Perspective –

(2 points) 2. Psychodynamic Perspective (Models) –

(2 points) 3. Learning-Based Perspective (Models) –

(2 points) 4. Humanistic Perspective (Models) –

(2 points) 5. Cognitive Perspective (Models) –

(2 points) 6. Sociocultural Perspective –

(2 points) 7. Biopsychosocial Perspective –

Daniel Jones owns and managers Daniel's Restaurant, a 24-hour restaurant near a local hospital. Daniel employs 9 full-time employees and 16 part-time employees. He pays all of the full-time employees by check, the amounts determined by Daniel's bookkeeper, Gina. Daniel pays all of his part-time employees in currency. He computes their wages and withdraws the cash directly from his cash register.

Gina has repeatedly urged Daniel to pay all of his employees by check. But, as Daniel has told his friend who owns a similar business, "My part-time employees prefer the currency over a check. Also, I don't withhold or pay any taxes or worker's compensation insurance on those cash wages because they go totally unrecorded and unnoticed."

Questions -

1. What are the legal and ethical considerations regarding Daniel's handling of his payroll?

2. What are Gina's ethical responsibilities?

3. What are the implications for Daniel’s employees?

Also, cite a reference that you used to prepare your response.

Multidimensional Arrays
Design a C program which uses two two-dimensional arrays as follows:
- an array which can store up to 50 student names where a name is up to 25 characters long
- an array which can store marks for 5 courses for up to 50 students
The program should first obtain student names and their corresponding marks for a requested number of students from the user. Please note that the program should reject any number of students that is requested by the user which is greater than 50. The program will compute the average mark for each course and then display all students and their marks, as well as the average mark for each course.
A sample output produced by the program is shown below, if assumed that the user entered marks for 4 students. Please note that the computation of the average mark for each course should use type casting.

Student PRG DGS MTH ECR GED
Ann Smart 93 85 87 83 90
Mike Lazy 65 57 61 58 68
Yo Yo 78 65 69 72 75
Ma Ma 84 79 83 81 83
AVERAGE 80.0 71.5 75.0 73.5 79.0

It is required to submit your source code file, i.e. Lab5.c file as well as a file with your program's run screen captures.

The following data relate to the operations of love Company, a wholesale distributor of consumer goods:

1. The gross margin is 25% of sales.

2. Actual and budgeted sales data:

3. Sales are 60% for cash and 40% on credit. Credit sales are collected in the month following sale. The accounts receivable at March 31 are a result of March credit sales.

4. Each month’s ending inventory should equal 80% of the following month’s budgeted cost of goods sold.

5. One-half of a month’s inventory purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. The accounts payable at March 31 are the result of March purchases of inventory.

6. Monthly expenses are as follows: commissions, 12% of sales; rent, $4,000 per month; other expenses (excluding depreciation), 6% of sales. Assume that these expenses are paid monthly. Depreciation is $783 per month (includes depreciation on new assets).

7. Equipment costing $3,200 will be purchased for cash in April.

8. Management would like to maintain a minimum cash balance of at least $4,000 at the end of each month. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $20,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter.

Required:

Using the preceding data:

Prepare a balance sheet as of June 30.

Using Maxwell's equations and the variety of forms, how do you think that such a wave can self-propogate without a constant source of radiation?

Multidimensional Arrays
Design a C program which uses two two-dimensional arrays as follows:
- an array which can store up to 50 student names where a name is up to 25 characters long
- an array which can store marks for 5 courses for up to 50 students
The program should first obtain student names and their corresponding marks for a requested number of students from the user. Please note that the program should reject any number of students that is requested by the user which is greater than 50. The program will compute the average mark for each course and then display all students and their marks, as well as the average mark for each course.
A sample output produced by the program is shown below, if assumed that the user entered marks for 4 students. Please note that the computation of the average mark for each course should use type casting.

Student PRG DGS MTH ECR GED
Ann Smart 93 85 87 83 90
Mike Lazy 65 57 61 58 68
Yo Yo 78 65 69 72 75
Ma Ma 84 79 83 81 83
AVERAGE 80.0 71.5 75.0 73.5 79.0

It is required to submit your source code file, i.e. Lab5.c file as well as a file with your program's run screen captures.

Please complete it in C++

Part 1: Stack

1. Create a New Project and give your project a name, say Lab6a.
2. Download the given source files StackArr.h and StackArr.cpp from Moodle and save them to your Lab6a folder. Also import them to your project.
3. Add a source file to your project, called StackMain.cpp and implement your program according to the following:
   1. Prompt the user to input a program filename.
   2. Open the file and check if every right brace (i.e. }), bracket (i.e. ]), and parenthesis (i.e. )) in the file correspond to its left counterpart or not.
   3. If the program file passed the checking, output "The code is correct". Otherwise, output "The code is incorrect".

The algorithm for checking is as follows:

1. Make an empty stack
2. Read characters until the end of program file
   1. if the character is an opening symbol, push it onto the stack;
   2. if it is a closing symbol and if the stack is empty, output "Error: Empty stack";
   3. otherwise, pop the stack. If the symbol popped is not the corresponding opening symbol, output "Error: Not equal".

At the end of the file, if the stack IS NOT EMPTY, output "The code is incorrect". Otherwise, output "The code is correct".

Use the provided files, testfile1.txt and testfile2.txt to test your program. The code file testfile1.txt is correct, while the code file testfile2.txt is incorrect.

Useful code:

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "StackArr.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

StackArr::StackArr(int size) {
   maxTop = size;
   values = new char[size];
   stackTop = -1;
}

StackArr::~StackArr() {
   delete[] values;
}

bool StackArr::isEmpty() const {
   return stackTop == -1;
}

bool StackArr::isFull() const {
   return stackTop == maxTop;
}

void StackArr::push(const char& x) {
   if (isFull())
       cout << "Error! The stack is full!" << endl;
   else
       values[++stackTop] = x;
}

char StackArr::pop() {
   if (isEmpty()) {
       cout << "Error! The stack is empty!" << endl;
       return -1;
   }
   else
       return values[stackTop--];
}

char StackArr::top() const {
   if (isEmpty()) {
       cout << "Error! The stack is empty!" << endl;
       return -1;
   }
   else
       return values[stackTop];
}

void StackArr::displayStack() const {
   cout << "Top -->";
   for (int i = stackTop; i >= 0; i--)
       cout << "\t|\t" << values[i] << "\t|" << endl;
   cout << "\t|---------------|" << endl;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "StackArr.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

StackArr::StackArr(int size)
   maxTop = size;
   values = new char[size];
   stackTop = -1;
}

StackArr::~StackArr() {
   delete[] values;

bool StackArr::isEmpty() const {
   return stackTop == -1;
}

bool StackArr::isFull() const {
   return stackTop == maxTop;
}

void StackArr::push(const char& x) {
   if (isFull())
       cout << "Error! The stack is full!" << endl;
   else
       values[++stackTop] = x;
}

char StackArr::pop() {
   if (isEmpty()) {
       cout << "Error! The stack is empty!" << endl;
       return -1;
   }
   else
       return values[stackTop--];
}

char StackArr::top() const {
   if (isEmpty()) {
       cout << "Error! The stack is empty!" << endl;
       return -1;
   }
   else
       return values[stackTop];
}

void StackArr::displayStack() const {
   cout << "Top -->";
   for (int i = stackTop; i >= 0; i--)
       cout << "\t|\t" << values[i] << "\t|" << endl;
   cout << "\t|---------------|" << endl;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//StackArr.h

#ifndef STACKARR_H
#define STACKARR_H

class StackArr {
private:
   int maxTop;
   int stackTop;
   char *values;

public:
   StackArr(int);
   ~StackArr();
   bool isEmpty() const;
   bool isFull() const;
   char top() const;
   void push(const char& x);
   char pop();
   void displayStack() const;
};

#endif
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////StackArr.cpp

#include "StackArr.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

StackArr::StackArr(int size) {
   maxTop = size;
   values = new char[size];
   stackTop = -1;
}

StackArr::~StackArr() {
   delete[] values;
}

bool StackArr::isEmpty() const {
   return stackTop == -1;
}

bool StackArr::isFull() const {
   return stackTop == maxTop;
}

void StackArr::push(const char& x) {
   if (isFull())
       cout << "Error! The stack is full!" << endl;
   else
       values[++stackTop] = x;
}

char StackArr::pop() {
   if (isEmpty()) {
       cout << "Error! The stack is empty!" << endl;
       return -1;
   }
   else
       return values[stackTop--];
}

char StackArr::top() const {
   if (isEmpty()) {
       cout << "Error! The stack is empty!" << endl;
       return -1;
   }
   else
       return values[stackTop];
}

void StackArr::displayStack() const {
   cout << "Top -->";
   for (int i = stackTop; i >= 0; i--)
       cout << "\t|\t" << values[i] << "\t|" << endl;
   cout << "\t|---------------|" << endl << endl;
  
}

In what manner are firms investing or using “offshore cash” being brought back into the United States?

In the divisional structure, if there were a separate sales organization responsible for providing revenue for each of the divisions, what are advantages and disadvantages of such a structure?

What if the structure was that way from the outset and an acquisition was made of a company with its own sales force. how hard would it be to integrate the acquired company into the new structure?

.Define sexuality.​

Match the term or phrase with the correct Phylum (Division)

1.possess chlorophyll b

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

2. constructed of little "pill-boxes"

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

3.body structure has distinct organs

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

4. possess phycoerythrin

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

5.possess chlorophyll a

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

6.have cell walls

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

7. Siphonocladous body form

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

8.produce up to 50% of the atmospheric oxygen

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

9. possess floridean starch as a storage product

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

10.possess conceptacles at the receptacle tips

A. phaeophyta b.chrysophyta (Bacillariophyta) c.chlorophyta D.All phyla E.Rhodophyta

Case Study

Owen Mills Limited

We have all that you want!

Owen Mills Limited began its operations on Trumpet Land, a beautiful island in the Caribbean with a very diverse population in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, education, and origin. In 1970, at the age of twenty-eight (28), Owen Mills a progressive thinking young man decided to start his own business.   His father had worked as a Manager at a large department store in the city of Trumpet Land for as long as Owen can remember, and his father would share his daily experiences. The idea of operating his own business was always at the forefront of Owen’s mind. After gaining four (4) Advanced Level subjects (Mathematics, Geography, English Literature and Spanish), Owen got a job at a large Credit Union where he moved up the ranks from a Customer Service Clerk to Supervisory level within four (4) years and then onto being a Credit Officer.

During his time at the Credit Union, Owen attended a number of short management courses. This built his confidence that someday soon he will achieve his dream of being a big business man. At age twenty-eight (28) Owen thought that he had saved sufficient money along with his wife who worked at another Credit Union, so that they could purchase a small one-story building in the heart of the city. The building was at the corner of French Street and John Street, the main street in the city. The building was refurbished and painted in bright red, and blue to suit the liking of Mr. Mills.   He thought to himself “No one could miss this building” and he also thought of a tag line. Business started in February 1970. From the inception of the business to date, the tagline emblazoned at the front of the store “We have all that you want!’ has remained.

The Early Years

Owen Mills Limited operated as a sole proprietorship for many years selling almost every item that a household could want, staying true to his tagline. The business began with five (5) employees: his wife serving as the cashier, two store clerks, one driver and a cleaner. The store was well sectioned with a variety of items as shown in Table #1 below.

Table #1 – Variety of Items sold by Owen Mills Limited

Orders would be placed with wholesalers who would deliver the products on scheduled days. Mr. Mills was very organized. During the first two (2) years of operating in the city of Trumpet Land, Mr. Mills observed that his customers comprised of citizens from all over the island. He got an idea, “I could go to the outer area of the city with my products.” He started in October 1971 to pack his Toyota panel van and leave with his driver on Saturdays and Sundays to the areas bordering the city.   Mr. Mills was successful with this venture and discovered that there were retirees and housewives who were at home during the week, and he began to go into those area at least two (2) days per week in addition to Saturdays and Sundays.

Clearly, Mr. Mills was an astute businessman who was always thinking of the next move to grow the business. He and his wife joined the Chamber of Commerce, read widely about what was happening locally, regionally and internationally, and made every effort to attend conferences and seminars which they thought would be beneficial. He was always thinking about growth and expansion. Owen Mills Limited became a known business even to those persons who had never patronized the store. In the midst of it all, Mr. Mills understood his corporate social responsibility and as such was respected highly by other businessmen and members of the community and country. A proud moment for Mr. Mills, his family and employees occurred when he was awarded Business Man of the Year Award in 1999.

On a Growth Path

The years flew by very quickly and by 1995, Mr. Mills had added two (2) more floors to the original building that he bought.   He now had four (4) grown children (two (2) boys and two (2) girls) all in their twenties and who all showed an interest in the business. Similar to their father, they had done very well at the secondary school level and had aspirations of gaining a tertiary level education as well as being a part of the business. They pondered their options of going to school full-time or enrolling in an online programme, so that they could better manage their time and fulfill their career objectives. The oldest son began to pursue the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) Programme.   He thought that he can become the Accountant for Owen Mills Limited or open an accounting firm in the next few years.  

By the year 2000, Mr. Owen Mills had spread his wings to the eastern, southern and western part of Trumpet Land.   He was able to purchase within a five-year period, three (3) large two-story buildings in each of the areas. The buildings were painted in the same colors as the first one in the city in the north and carried the well-known tagline - We have all that you want!  The business incurred a manageable mortgage loan, but that will be repaid in less than ten (10) years.

Mr. Mills began to think about succession for his business and the future of his children who had been supporting him throughout the years. He held a family meeting and it was decided that with the imminent opening of three (3) other Branches, that each child would manage a branch and he will now be considered as the Chairman.

In the midst of the initiatives being undertaken, Mr. Mills was very cognizant that the world of business was wrought with dynamism and uncertainty and he and his family needed to understand about strategic moves that could be undertaken. He had been reading and trying to keep up to date with what was happening in the world of business.   He and his family did not have a full grasp of the theoretical underpinnings to maneuver quickly out of any new challenges, and he understood very well that challenges can surface with expansion. By 2018, the total staff had grown to eighty (80) persons which included cashiers, information technology personnel, supervisors, customer service staff, cleaners, drivers and his four (4) children as managers,

Looking to the Future

Undoubtedly, Owen Mills Limited has been a successful enterprise. However, Mr. Mills and his eldest son, who had gained his ACCA qualification began to look at the financials very closely. They recognized that while the company had repaid the mortgage loans, and there was still an influx of customers at all branches, the profits had been reducing in the three (3) years prior to 2020, though minimally.

Mr. Mills and his family had their usual monthly meeting in December 2019. One of the daughters took some points in relation to the present status of the Company. It related to a SWOT Analysis. Whist the SWOT Analysis was not fully articulated in terms of what the strengths can and have brought to the Company; how the weaknesses are impacting the Company; the possible outcomes from taking advantage of available opportunities; and the possible impact of threats, her brief notes are highlighted below:

Strengths:

• Committed employees and management
• Appropriate management style
• Adequate financial and human resources
• Wide variety of products
• Broad market coverage
• Good financial management
• Brand name reputation
• Excellent customer service skills
• Some expertise in new venture management

Weaknesses

• Lack of research and development skills
• Lack of understanding of strategic management and planning

Opportunities

• Exploit new market segments
• Move into new businesses, but how and what type
• Expand into foreign markets
• Acquire a profitable acquisition

Threats

• Increase in competition, but where do we look
• New forms of competition
• Changes in customer preferences
• Rising costs of products and labour
• Changes in demographic factors
• Changes in economic factors and down turn in the economy
• Slow growth in the market

At the start of 2020, Mr. Mills and his family began to follow the news with respect to the deadly COVID-19 virus.  “This is a time for quick action” pondered Mr. Mills. The business has been successful, but Mr. Mills and family has recognized that things are changing in the environment and could have negatives on the business. At the January 2020 monthly meeting, it was decided that the company should seek the services of a reputable consultant who can advise and assist the company with getting a clear understanding of what strategic management and planning entails. Other matters discussed which the family agreed to pursue, include embarking on a training initiative which would include staff at all levels as well as to create an awareness of the environmental factors that can affect the company. One member in the meeting raised the issue of how they can determine with accuracy the financial situation at the company. She is aware that ratios could be used, but that’s as much as she knows.

Mr. Mills stretched his imagination, “We had better start thinking about starting a branch in some foreign country, or start to manufacture something that people will need.”   Then he pondered to himself, “I do not have all the knowledge about the intricacies of manufacturing and so-called strategies to continue to be a winner”  

The meeting ended with Mr. Mills thinking aloud that they should all read up about what it means to be innovative.   He indicated that at the next meeting, they will all come with their ideas of a plan that is different to what they are doing now and which can contribute to continued success. He was not sure what type of plan that would be.   He has been following keenly the possible impact and negative fallout that the company could experience because of the COVID-19 virus.   However, the astute businessman that Mr. Mills is, he purchased some cotton material, took some elastic and thread from the store, and hired two (2) seamstresses to make protective masks. The masks have been a fast seller and is bringing a profit to the store.   Once more, Owen Mills Limited is living up to its tagline - We have all that you want!

Question 3(c):

Based on the existing situation at Owen Mills Limited, and as the Consultant hired by the Company, suggest three (3) strategies that the Company could undertake to maintain a competitive advantage. Provide justification for your selected strategies.

Use the following project information:

(a) Calculate the expected completion time for this project.

(Round your answer to 2 decimal places, the tolerance is +/-0.01.)

Project completion time = weeks.

(b) Identify the activities included on the critical path of this project.

(If there are several critical paths enter the first one from the alphabetical order.)

Critical activities:

ACEFHJ

ABDFHJ

ACEGIJ

ABDGIJ

.

The Federal Reserve decides to sell $50 million in government debt to households paying with checkable deposits. The current reserve requirement is 5%.

a. The Fed decision will lead to [more  fewer  the same ] reserves in the banking system and [ more  less  the same ] money in circulation.

b. The money supply will [increase  decrease  remain the same] by a maximum of [$  million.]