Can a Single Online Respondent Pool Offer a Truly Representative Sample?

Online research programs can often benefit by building samples from multiple respondent pools. Achieving a truly representative sample is a difficult process for many reasons. When drawing from a single source, even if researchers were to use various verification methods, demographic quotas, and other strategies to create a presumably representative sample, the selection methods them- selves create qualitative differences—or allow them to develop over time. The same is true of the parameters under which the online community or respondent pool was formed (subject matter mix, activities, interaction opportunities, etc.). Each online community content site is unique, and members and visitors choose to participate because of the individual experience their preferred site provides. As such, the differences between each site start to solidify as site members share more and more similar experiences and differences within the site’s community decrease. (Think, birds of a feather flock together.)

As such, researchers cannot safely assume that any given online respondent pool offers an accurate probability sample of the adult U.S. or Internet population. Consequently, both intrinsic (personality traits, values, locus of control, etc.) and extrinsic (panel tenure, survey participation rates, etc.) differences will contribute variations to response‐measure distribution across respondent pools. To control distribution of intrinsic characteristics in the sample while randomizing extrinsic characteristics as much as possible, researchers might need to use random selection from multiple respondent pools.

The GfK Research Center for Excellence in New York performed a study to see how the distribution of intrinsic and extrinsic individual differences varied between respondent pools. Respondents were drawn from five different online resource pools, each using a different method to obtain survey respondents. A latent class regression method separated the respondents into five underlying consumer classes according to their Internet‐usage driver profiles.

Researchers then tested which of the intrinsic characteristics tended to appear within the different classes. No variable appeared in more than three classes. Furthermore, the concentration of each class varied considerably across the five respondent pools from which samples were drawn.

Within the classes themselves, variations appeared in their demographic distributions. One of the five experienced a significant skew based on gender, and two other classes exhibited variable age concentrations, with one skewed toward younger respondents and the other toward older ones.

Overall, GfK’s study revealed numerous variations across different respondent resource pools. As their research continues, current findings suggest that researchers must be aware of these trends, especially in choosing their member acquisition and retention strategies and in determining which and how many respondent pools to draw from.

1. If one respondent pool is not sufficient, how many do you think you would have to draw from to get a truly representative sample? Why do you think that?
2. When creating a sample, how would you propose accounting for the types of extrinsic characteristics mentioned?

You would like to combine 3 kg of adipic acid with hexamethyl diamine to produce the polyamide nylon. Calculate a) the amount of ethylene glycol required. b) the amount of by product evolved and c) the amount of polyester produced. c) Differentiate between Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6.

Calculate the coulombic energy difference between the Calcium-39 and Potassium-39 mirror pair. Also calculate the difference between the Nitrogen-13 and Carbon-13 pair. How do these compare to the energy obtained from mass balance principles?

How could have technology improved the onboarding experience for new hires?

Equivalent Units of Production

The Converting Department of Hopkinsville Company had 640 units in work in process at the beginning of the period, which were 70% complete. During the period, 13,600 units were completed and transferred to the Packing Department. There were 720 units in process at the end of the period, which were 60% complete. Direct materials are placed into the process at the beginning of production.

Determine the number of equivalent units of production with respect to direct materials and conversion costs. If an amount is zero, enter in "0".

Discussion: Is This What We Should Spend Our Money On?

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The Federal budget is made up of three parts for planning purposes: Mandatory spending, which is enabled by ongoing appropriations, and so does not require new spending authorization; Discretionary spending, which has to be re-authorized each year; and the Interest on the Federal debt. For our purposes, because we are not looking at the legislative process, it is one single large spending pool. Below is overall Federal spending in the USA in 2018

2018 Federal Spending.  (Links to an external site.)View the document or the Interactive Graphic.

So you can see that in 2018 Federal spending added up to $4.1 trillion, or 20% of then US GDP of $20.5 trillion. Obviously this was more than revenues, which at $3.3 trillion left a deficit of (a bit less than) 800 billion dollars, or 3.9% of GDP. We spent 24% of Federal money on Social Security + 14% on Medicare, which = 38% and growing of all US Federal expenditure on retired people. Another 15% of the entire budget in 2018 was spent on the US military. In addition we spent 9.5% on Medicaid, which is medical assistance for poor people. And we spent 15.6% on natural resources and the environment, general science, space & technology, general government, community & regional development, agriculture, administrative costs of Medicare & Social Security, energy & commerce, and housing credit programs. Another 7.9% and growing was spent on servicing the national debt. About four-fifths is spent on retired people, the poor, the military and the Federal debt.

On the Federal level, education spending is allocated to Pell grants, work-study, guarantees of student debt, and Head Start, a program for poor pre-school children. The great majority of spending on education in the US is on the state and local levels, although the Federal government plays a regulatory role.

Similarly, with respect to the environment, the Federal government plays primarily a regulatory role -- in this case, most spending in terms of mitigation is by private industry. The largest exception is the national park system; there are also state and local parks and reserves.

Do you think these are the best priorities for US Federal government spending? Do you propose some other set of priorities? If so, what? Write about three paragraphs. Please use outside academic-level sources to support your position.

link: https://www.cbo.gov/publication/55342 ( 2018 Federal Spending)

(a) Suppose that Marks Man is shooting at a target, where the center of the target is at (0, 0) in the
plane. Let fX,Y (x, y) be the joint PDF of his shot. Assume that X and Y are independent random variables,
each distributed as N (0, 1). What is P(X ≥ 0, Y ≥ 0)? (Write your answer as a decimal).

(b) Now suppose Joe Schmo is shooting at the same target, and let fX,Y (x, y) be the joint PDF of his
shot. Assume that X and Y are independent random variables, each distributed as N (−1, 4) (He tends to
miss down and to the left, with a higher variance of his shots.) What is P(X ≥ 1, Y ≥ 0)? (Write your
answer as a decimal).

think of two organizations, activities, clubs, etc. that you are involved in (or very familiar with). This can be a sports team, church group, school club or organization, job, etc.

Write a press release for 2 different organizations/groups based on an actual or hypothesized upcoming/ongoing event. You must choose two different groups/events and have two different press releases. The body of each release must be at least 300 words in length (headings that include your contact information are excluded from the word count). Yes, that means the total of your two submissions is at least 600 words in length!

Examples?

Health center opening or offerings

Emergency Management courses offered

Political candidacy announcement

School club fundraiser/community service event

Winning of sports championship

…..or whatever else real or fictitious you would like to use as your subject matter.

1. Assume that Mr. Shulman owned 100 shares of Exxon Mobile stock and 250 shares of General Electric stock when he died on December 1. The highest selling price for Exxon Mobile on that day was 41.24; the lowest selling price was 40.40. The highest selling price for GE on that day was 39.35; the lowest selling price was 38.95. Calculate the fair market value of all of the stock as of December 1.

2. In December 2003, Mrs. Nichols gave gifts of $20,000 to her son, Bruce; $20,000 to her son and daughter-in-law, David and Cheryl; $15,000 to a favorite nephew; and $10,000 to each of her seven grandchildren. What amount must Mrs. Nichols report to the IRS on her 2003 gift-tax return? Please show your calculations.

1) Consider the following acid ionization constants:

Solutions of each are prepared in which the inital concentration of the acid is 0.1000 M. Which of the four solutions will have the lowest pH?

the answer is HA

Explain why it is HA

2) A certain first order reaction is 30% complete in 115 minutes. what is the half life ( t1/2) of the reaction?

a) 192 min

b) 223 min

c) 268 min

e) 66.2 min

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU CHOSE THE ANSWER

Direct Method, Reciprocal Method, Overhead Rates

Macalister Corporation is developing departmental overhead rates based on direct labor hours for its two production departments—Molding and Assembly. The Molding Department employs 23 people, and the Assembly Department employs 78 people. Each person in these two departments works 2,150 hours per year. The production-related overhead costs for the Molding Department are budgeted at $186,000, and the Assembly Department costs are budgeted at $84,000. Two support departments—Engineering and General Factory—directly support the two production departments and have budgeted costs of $204,000 and $370,000, respectively. The production departments’ overhead rates cannot be determined until the support departments’ costs are properly allocated. The following schedule reflects the use of the Engineering Department’s and General Factory Department’s output by the various departments.

For all requirements, round allocation ratios to four significant digits and round allocated costs to the nearest dollar.

Required:

1. Calculate the overhead rates per direct labor hour for the Molding Department and the Assembly Department using the direct allocation method to charge the production departments for support department costs. Round final answers to the nearest cent.

2. Calculate the overhead rates per direct labor hour for the Molding Department and the Assembly Department using the reciprocal method to charge support department costs to each other and to the production departments. Round final answers to the nearest cent. Round your intermediate calculations to four decimal places.

Discuss the origin of the institutional approach to marketing with references using APA 6th reference format