Question

~ALL OF THESE PARTS ARE STRICTLY ASKING ABOUT The Antibiotic Degrading Enzyme, NOT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN GENERAL~ the more specific the better; preferably typed, as to be legible; thank you so much in advance

Please describe to me the mechanism of and behind the form of antibiotic resistance of antibiotic degrading enzymes (like what the processes that it works under). Also, which class of antibiotics does the mechanism of antibiotic degrading enzymes attack? Finally, which antibiotic-resistant bacteria are using the mechanism employed by an antibiotic degrading enzyme.

Answer 1

Ans)

Giving here an example of beta lactamase enzyme which is secreted by gram positive and negative bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, hemophilua influenza, niserria, legionella gram negative rods etc. These bacteria release beta lactamase enzyme penicillinase against beta lactam class of antibiotics antibiotics such as penicillin.

Staphylococcus have acquired dangerous levels of resistance against beta lactams and methicillin (MRSA) and even Vancomycin. (VRSA).

Mechanism of action of beta lactams and beta lactamase enzyme.

The beta lactamase enzyme targets the beta lactam ring present in an antibiotic molecule and breaks the ring structure, this deactivates the antibiotic. Beta lactam antibiotics will bind to penicillin binding proteins also called PBPs and target the 5 glycine crosslinkages in the cell wall and prevent cell wall synthesis. The beta lactam ring is structurally similar to the d alanyl - d alanine structure of the substrate of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and betalactams bind to PBPs competitively in bacteria.

The beta lactamase enzyme will hydrolysed the bonds in the four membered beta lactam ring and deactivate it and prevent PBPs to be bound by beta lactam antibiotic molecule and inhibits the interruption of 5 glycine crosslinking Bridges in cell wall. Thus conferring bacterial resistance to the bacteria against penicillin.

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