Paraquat is one of the more interesting pulmonary toxicants, in part because it doesn’t have to...

Paraquat is one of the more interesting pulmonary toxicants, in part because it doesn’t have to be inhaled to produce severe lung injury.

Explain the mechanism of paraquat toxicity, including the role of metabolism and reactive oxygen species.

Describe the clinical signs and symptoms of paraquat poisoning.

Explain why the lung is a target organ for paraquat even if the route of exposure is ingestion.

Expert Solution

Clinical Signs & Symptoms

- GI upset and vomiting present at all levels of toxicity

- Compromised renal function

- Mild hypertension

- Pulmonary alveolar damage

- Edema

- Hemorrhage

- Death by respiratory failure

Paraquat mainly accumulates in the lung (pulmonary concentrations can be 6 to 10 times higher than those in the plasma), where it is retained even when blood levels start to decrease. The pulmonary effects can be explained by the participation of the polyamine transport system abundantly expressed in the membrane of alveolar cells type I, II, and Clara cells. Further downstream at the toxicodynamic level, the main molecular mechanism of Paraquat toxicity is based on redox cycling and intracellular oxidative stress generation.

Sydney Mullin answered 10 months ago

10) Aluminum doesn’t readily corrode because: a) its standard reduction potential is more positive than oxygen...

10) Aluminum doesn’t readily corrode because: a) its standard reduction potential is more positive than oxygen b) its standard reduction potential is more negative than oxygen c) it forms a dense coating of alumina, Al2O3, that slows oxidation. d) It is already oxidized. . 11) What best describes a glass? a) A transparent, crystalline insulator. b) A viscous liquid c) An amorphous solid d) The thermodynamic (lowest energy) state for a material . For the following reaction answer questions 13...

Pick one part of the circulatory system and explain it.(what it is, why it is interesting,...

Pick one part of the circulatory system and explain it.(what it is, why it is interesting, and how it changes your view of the system)

The idea of corporate social responsibility is currently an interesting one, partly because of Mark Zuckerberg's...

The idea of corporate social responsibility is currently an interesting one, partly because of Mark Zuckerberg's hearing. It is well-known that he took private user data when he shouldn't have, but what I find compelling to discuss is the way Facebook was able to make people give up all that information about themselves. Facebook makes users believe that their timelines are a safe space, so they feel comfortable in sharing anything and everything. Privacy settings are customizable so users think...

If a linear program has more than one optimal solution, does this mean that it doesn’t...

If a linear program has more than one optimal solution, does this mean that it doesn’t matter which solution is selected?

What does being a public historian mean if one doesn’t have to hold a degree in...

What does being a public historian mean if one doesn’t have to hold a degree in history? Can we all be historians? Who should be trusted with the past?

reply in 200 word The reproductive system is interesting and exciting because a lot of the...

reply in 200 word The reproductive system is interesting and exciting because a lot of the time when the word reproduction is mentioned we think of...babies! The life-producing aspect is so unique from other systems of the human body, but when childbirth is not the topic of conversation sometimes speaking about the reproductive system can be quite uncomfortable. Especially when Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s) are brought to one’s attention. Although uncomfortable, this topic is very important to discuss because the...

Economic growth doesn’t simply depend on having more natural resources, more or higherquality labor, more capital...

Economic growth doesn’t simply depend on having more natural resources, more or higherquality labor, more capital and so on; it depends on people’s incentives to put these resources together to produce goods and services” Do you agree or disagree?

Each part of (Figure 1) shows one or more point charges. The charges have equal magnitudes.

Each part of (Figure 1) shows one or more point charges. The charges have equal magnitudes. A) For case (a), if a positive charge is moved from position i to position f, does the electric potential energy increase, decrease, or stay the same? For case (a), if a positive charge is moved from position to position, does the electric potential energy increase, decrease, or stay the same? Electric potential energy increases. Electric potential energy decreases. Electric potential...

Give one Material Category and its Component that have Interesting Technology in the fields of Materials...

Give one Material Category and its Component that have Interesting Technology in the fields of Materials Science And Engineering (MSE). Description of what you researched. How it relates to MSE. Why it is of interest to you. How it has been or will be used (application). How it might help society.

For one important and interesting idea that you have learned so far in the course based,...

For one important and interesting idea that you have learned so far in the course based, write a one page essay beginning with the following statements: Although before this class I believed …….., in fact……..Or, Although it is tempting to believe……., in fact…..Or, Although it might seem that …………… is true, in fact…… Then explain why you or others could believe the idea that is fact incorrect. In other words, what is logical or compelling about this incorrect idea. Then...

Question