Question

. Briefly explain the following characteristics for the four groups of plants.

Moss:

Dominant part of life cycle:

reproduction method and sex organ:

adaptation to live on dry land:

vascular tissue: (present or absent)

seeds: (present or absent)

Fern:

Dominant part of life cycle:

reproduction method and sex organ:

adaptation to live on dry land:

vascular tissue: (present or absent)

seeds: (present or absent)

Conifers:

Dominant part of life cycle:

reproduction method and sex organ:

vascular tissue: (explain)

seeds: (what kind)

adaptation to live on dry land:

Flowering plants:

Dominant part of life cycle:

reproduction method and sex organ:

vascular tissue: (explain)

seeds: (what kind)

adaptation to live on dry land:

Answer 1

	Moss	Fern	Conifers	Flowering plants
Dominant part of life cycle	Haploid gametophyte generation	Diploid sporophyte generation	Diploid sporophyte generation	Diploid sporophyte generation
Reproduction method and sex organ	Both asexual and sexual ; Archegonium(female) , antheridium(male)	Both asexual and sexual; Archegonium(female) , antheridium(male)	Sexual ; Microsporangium (anthers), megasporangium (ovules)	Sexual; Flowers (Stamen -male , Carpel - female)
Vascular tissue	Absent	Present	Present	Present
Adaptation to live on dry land	Thick cell wall for structural support(They are only partially adapted to living on dry land )	Presence of rhizomes which contain vascular tissue	Vasculr tissue, presence of thick cuticle, seeds protected by hard cones.	Vascular system, stomata, seeds covered by hard layers which prevent desscication.
Seeds	Absent	Absent	Present(naked seeds)	Present(enclosed in fruit)

Vascular tissue is of two types : xylem (conducts water and minerals ) , and phloem (transports food). Xylem has the following components : Tracheids, vessels, parenchyma and fibres. Phloem has the following components : companion cells , seive elements, parenchyma, and fibres.

The vascular tissue of conifers(gymnosperms) and flowering - plants (angiosperms) are different from each other. The xylem acks vessels in gymnosperms whereas they are present in those of angiosperms. The phloem lacks companion cells gymnosperms whereas they are present in those of angiosperms.