Vertical Analysis of Income Statement

The following comparative income statement (in thousands of dollars) for the two recent fiscal years was adapted from the annual report of Motor Speedways Inc., owner and operator of several major motor speedways.

a. Prepare a comparative income statement for these two years in vertical form, stating each item as a percent of revenues. Enter all amounts as positive numbers. (Note: Due to rounding, amounts may not total 100%).

Round your percentages to one decimal place. Due to rounding differences, you will need to:

1. Calculate total expenses and other percentage by adding the expense percentages
2. Calculate the income from continuing operations percentage by deducting total expenses and other percentage from total revenue percentage.

b. While overall revenue   some between the two years, the overall mix of revenue sources did change somewhat. The NASCAR broadcasting revenue   as a percent of total revenue by 3 percentage points, while the percent of admissions revenue to total revenue   by 2 percentage points. Overall, it appears that income from continuing operations has significantly improved because of  .

In Shavertown, Pennsylvania, the owner of Wilkes-Barre Bookkeeping LLC was indicted for embezzling over $375,000 of his clients’ payroll tax remittances between 2010 and 2016 and for lying to clients about his actions. Additionally, he embezzled nearly $70,000 from a nonprofit for which he was the treasurer. He was sentenced to 38 months in prison and ordered to pay restitution totaling nearly $500,000.

• Do you think this was a fair sentence? Why or why not?

Problem 20-4A Manufacturing: Preparation of a complete master budget LO P1, P2, P3

The management of Zigby Manufacturing prepared the following estimated balance sheet for March 2017:

To prepare a master budget for April, May, and June of 2017, management gathers the following information:

1. Sales for March total 20,000 units. Forecasted sales in units are as follows: April, 20,000; May, 19,000; June, 19,500; and July, 20,000. Sales of 245,000 units are forecasted for the entire year. The product’s selling price is $26.00 per unit and its total product cost is $22.80 per unit.
2. Company policy calls for a given month’s ending raw materials inventory to equal 50% of the next month’s materials requirements. The March 31 raw materials inventory is 4,800 units, which complies with the policy. The expected June 30 ending raw materials inventory is 4,500 units. Raw materials cost $20 per unit. Each finished unit requires 0.50 units of raw materials.
3. Company policy calls for a given month’s ending finished goods inventory to equal 80% of the next month’s expected unit sales. The March 31 finished goods inventory is 16,000 units, which complies with the policy.
4. Each finished unit requires 0.50 hours of direct labor at a rate of $20 per hour.
5. Overhead is allocated based on direct labor hours. The predetermined variable overhead rate is $3.20 per direct labor hour. Depreciation of $23,400 per month is treated as fixed factory overhead.
6. Sales representatives’ commissions are 6% of sales and are paid in the month of the sales. The sales manager’s monthly salary is $3,500.
7. Monthly general and administrative expenses include $17,000 administrative salaries and 0.9% monthly interest on the long-term note payable.
8. The company expects 30% of sales to be for cash and the remaining 70% on credit. Receivables are collected in full in the month following the sale (none are collected in the month of the sale).
9. All raw materials purchases are on credit, and no payables arise from any other transactions. One month’s raw materials purchases are fully paid in the next month.
10. The minimum ending cash balance for all months is $45,000. If necessary, the company borrows enough cash using a short-term note to reach the minimum. Short-term notes require an interest payment of 1% at each month-end (before any repayment). If the ending cash balance exceeds the minimum, the excess will be applied to repaying the short-term notes payable balance.
11. Dividends of $15,000 are to be declared and paid in May.
12. No cash payments for income taxes are to be made during the second calendar quarter. Income tax will be assessed at 35% in the quarter and paid in the third calendar quarter.
13. Equipment purchases of $135,000 are budgeted for the last day of June.

Required:
Prepare the following budgets and other financial information as required. All budgets and other financial information should be prepared for the second calendar quarter, except as otherwise noted below. (Round calculations up to the nearest whole dollar, except for the amount of cash sales, which should be rounded down to the nearest whole dollar.):

1. Sales budget.
2. Production budget.
3. Raw materials budget.
4. Direct labor budget.
5. Factory overhead budget.
6. Selling expense budget.
7. General and administrative expense budget.
8. Cash budget.
9. Budgeted income statement for the entire second quarter (not for each month separately).
10. Budgeted balance sheet.

Determination of whether a legal entity is a variable interest entity Assume a Legal Entity's capital structure consists of the following accounts: Short-term note payable $60,000 Long-term note payable 21,000 Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock 85,000 Common stock 30,000 Additional paid-in capital 60,000 Retained earnings 20,000 Total liabilities and equity $276,000 Note that FASB ASC 480 ("Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity") requires mandatorily redeemable preferred stock to be classified as a liability for financial reporting purposes. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the following parts of this question is independent: a. What is the maximum amount of expected losses that the Legal Entity can expect to sustain without being considered a variable interest entity (VIE)? $276,000 $131,000 $195,000 $110,000 b. What is the maximum amount of expected losses that the Legal Entity can expect to sustain if the lender of the long term note payable is the sole shareholder of the Legal Entity? $131,000 $276,000 $110,000 $195,000 c. What is the maximum amount of expected losses that the Legal Entity can expect to sustain if the long term note payable is convertible to common equity at the option of the holder of the note? Why? (Note that FASB ASC 470-20 ("Debt with Conversion and Other Features") requires convertible debt to be classified as a liability for financial reporting purposes.) $110,000 $195,000 $131,000 $276,000

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

The following summary data for the payroll period ended December 27, 2015, are available for Cayman Coating Co.:

Additional information:

• For employees, FICA tax rates for 2015 were 7.65% on the first $118,500 of each employee’s annual earnings. However, no employees had accumulated earnings for the year in excess of the $118,500 limit.
• For employers, FICA tax rates for 2015 were also 7.65% on the first $118,500 of each employee’s annual earnings.
• The federal and state unemployment compensation tax rates are 0.6% and 5.4%, respectively. These rates are levied against the employer for the first $7,000 of each employee’s annual earnings. Only $18,000 of the gross pay amount for the December 27, 2015, pay period was owed to employees who were still under the annual limit.

Due to erratic sales of its sole product—a high-capacity battery for laptop computers—PEM, Inc., has been experiencing financial difficulty for some time. The company’s contribution format income statement for the most recent month is given below:

Required:

1. Compute the company’s CM ratio and its break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

2. The president believes that a $6,700 increase in the monthly advertising budget, combined with an intensified effort by the sales staff, will result in an $81,000 increase in monthly sales. If the president is right, what will be the increase (decrease) in the company’s monthly net operating income?

3. Refer to the original data. The sales manager is convinced that a 10% reduction in the selling price, combined with an increase of $32,000 in the monthly advertising budget, will double unit sales. If the sales manager is right, what will be the revised net operating income (loss)?

4. Refer to the original data. The Marketing Department thinks that a fancy new package for the laptop computer battery would grow sales. The new package would increase packaging costs by 0.50 cents per unit. Assuming no other changes, how many units would have to be sold each month to attain a target profit of $4,400?

5. Refer to the original data. By automating, the company could reduce variable expenses by $3 per unit. However, fixed expenses would increase by $55,000 each month.

a. Compute the new CM ratio and the new break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales.

b. Assume that the company expects to sell 20,800 units next month. Prepare two contribution format income statements, one assuming that operations are not automated and one assuming that they are. (Show data on a per unit and percentage basis, as well as in total, for each alternative.)

c. Would you recommend that the company automate its operations (Assuming that the company expects to sell 20,800)?

Please provide an example of computing and use manufacturing overhead allocations using hierarchical and activity-based costing methods.

1. Sales and A budget of estimated unit production.Production Budgets

   Sonic Inc. manufactures two models of speakers, Rumble and Thunder. Based on the following production and sales data for June, prepare (a) a sales budget and (b) a production budget.

   	Rumble		Thunder
   Estimated inventory (units), June 1	278		69
   Desired inventory (units), June 30	320		60
   Expected sales volume (units):
   East Region	3,900		3,450
   West Region	5,250		4,550
   Unit sales price	$110		$225

   a. Prepare a sales budget.

   Sonic Inc.
   Sales Budget
   For the Month Ending June 30
   Product and Area	Unit Sales Volume	Unit Selling Price	Total Sales
   Model Rumble:
   East Region		$	$
   West Region
   Total			$
   Model Thunder:
   East Region		$	$
   West Region
   Total			$
   Total revenue from sales			$

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   b. Prepare a production budget.

   Sonic Inc.
   Production Budget
   For the Month Ending June 30
   	Units Model Rumble	Units Model Thunder
   Expected units to be sold
   Less estimated inventory, June 1 Plus desired inventory, June 30
   Total units required
   Less estimated inventory, June 1 Plus desired inventory, June 30
   Total units to be produced

Chesterfield County had the following transactions.

a. A budget is passed for all ongoing activities. Revenue is anticipated to be $940,750 with approved spending of $631,000 and operating transfers out of $248,000.

b. A contract is signed with a construction company to build a new central office building for the government at a cost of $6,300,000 . A budget for this project has previously been recorded.

c. Bonds are sold for $6,300,000 (face value) to finance construction of the new office building.

d. The new building is completed. An invoice for $6,300,000 is received and paid.

e. Previously unrestricted cash of $1,220,000 is set aside to begin paying the bonds issued in (c).

f. A portion of the bonds comes due and $1,220,000 is paid. Of this total, $150,000 represents interest. The interest had not been previously accrued.

g. Citizens' property tax levies are assessed. Total billing for this tax is $815,000. On this date, the assessment is a legally enforceable claim according to the laws of this state. The money to be received is designated for the current period and 90 percent is assumed to be collectible in this period with receipt of an additional 6 percent during subsequent periods but in time to be available to pay current period claims. The remainder is expected to be uncollectible.

h. Cash of $169,000 is received from a toll road. This money is restricted for highway maintenance.

i. The county received investments valued at $379,000 as a donation from a grateful citizen. Income from these investments must be used to beautify local parks.

Prepare the entries first for fund financial statements and then for government-wide financial statements.

Explain the similarities and differences between financial and managerial accounting, and prepare, use and interpret a contribution margin income statement using cost, volume, profit and break-even techniques.

Quasi-Reorganization
The Hassani Corporation has the following balance sheet:

Company profitability has been marginal, in part due to book values of noncurrent assets that do not adequately reflect the reduced earning power of the assets. To give its balance sheet a better basis for future profitability, the company decides to undertake a quasi-reorganization. Hassani writes down noncurrent assets to their fair value of $3,000,000 and replaces the current common stock with 100,000 shares of a new issue having a $1 par value.

Required

a. Prepare journal entries to record the quasi-reorganization.

b. Prepare a balance sheet following the quasi-reorganization.

Air North has the following balance as of today:

Bond coupon rate=8%; coupon payment annual;                                          ($million)

Remaining term to maturity= 15 years and the

Face value of each bond =$1000)                                                                  10

Common stock:

-Shares outstanding (#5,000,000)                                                                  6

-Retained Earnings                                                                                         8

The yield to maturity of a new 15-year bond which is of similar risk as that of Air North's currently outstanding bond is 12%. Air North can issue this new bond at par of $1,000. Common stock can be issued to the existing shareholders at $18 per share which represents an 11.11% discount from the prevailing market price. Beta of the stock of the firm is 1.4 while the risk free rate and the expected rate of return on the market portfolio are 6% and 14% respectively. Earnings per share at the end of the year are anticipated to be $3. Air North's tax rate is 25%.

Find:

i)              The cost of capital to the firm

ii)            The cost of equity capital, taking into account three models of estimating cost of equity capital

iii)           The weight average cost of capital

Q3- Abdulaziz company purchased a machine in 2013 for 50,000 that has a useful life of 5 years with a salvage value of 5,000

Calculate the depreciation expense, accumulated depreciation, book value throughout its useful life using:

1- Straight-line method.

2- Units of Production method if the machine produces 100,000 units.

Here is a table of units produced each year:

3- Double Declining balance method.

Standard Product Cost, Direct Materials Variance

Condiments Company uses standards to control its materials costs. Assume that a batch of ketchup (2,700 pounds) has the following standards:

The actual materials in a batch may vary from the standard due to tomato characteristics. Assume that the actual quantities of materials for batch K-111 were as follows:

a. Determine the standard unit materials cost per pound for a standard batch. If required, round amounts to the nearest cent.

b.  Determine the direct materials quantity variance for batch K-111. If required, round amounts to the nearest cent. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.