Question 1

The table below shows the cost and revenue information of a firm.

Output (units)	Price (RM)	Total Cost (RM)	Total revenue (RM)	Marginal Cost (RM)	Marginal Revenue (RM)
0	14	10
1	14	14
2	14	22
3	14	34
4	14	48
5	14	64
6	14	82

(a) Complete the table above. [9 marks]

(b) Determine the price and output at equilibrium. [6 marks]

(c) Calculate the profit or loss at equilibrium. [4 marks]

(d) Is this firm in the short-run or long-run? Explain your answer. [5 marks]

(e) To what type of market structure does this firm belong? Why do you say so? [6 marks]

1. Which of the following statements about bonds and their prices is correct:

1. There is an inverse relationship between interest rates and price.  
2. When the coupon rate of the bond is greater than the required, market interest rate, the price of the bond is greater than the face value of the bond.
3. The bond with a greater term to maturity is affected to a greater extent by the change in the interest rate
4. All of the above
5. A) and B) only

2. Which of the following constitutes a difference between debt and equity?

1. The right to claim against the assets of the corporation in the case of bankruptcy
2. The entity issuing the security
3. The nature of accounting revenue underlying the security
4. Both B) and C)
5. None of the above

3. Which of the following describes the difference between the returns on debt and equity?

1. The return on debt is more variable than the return on equity
2. The return on debt is stipulated in the debt contract, whereas the return on equity is stipulated in the trust deed
3. The return on debt is stipulated in the trust deed, whereas the return on equity is varied at the discretion of management
4. The return on debt is not secure
5. None of the above

4. What is the Price of a Bond that pays a coupon interest rate of 13.5% p.a. with interest paid semi-annually, has four years to maturity and which has a Face value of $100. Market interest rates are 13.5% (Round to the nearest dollar).

1. $110
2. $100  
3. $105
4. $98
5. None of the above

5. The intrinsic value of an asset is:  

1. The asset’s minimum value.

B) The asking price for the asset.        

C) The asset’s replacement value.    

                        D) The assets’ future cash flows compounded by the required rate of return.   

E) None of the above

6. What is the Present Value of an asset that pays cash flows of $1.5 million per year for three (3) years if the cash flows commence in Year Three? The required rate of return is 10% p.a.

1. $3.08 million
2. $4.25 million  
3. $5.06 million
4. $3.73 million  
5. None of the above

7. The prospective P/E ratio:  

1. Is positively related to the payout ratio
2. Negatively related to the cost of equity
3. Positively related to the past dividend
4. All of the above
5. A) and B) only

8. What is the future value of a $2,000 invested for 15 years at an interest rate of 10% p.a. compounded quarterly? (Rounded to the nearest dollar).

1. $5,000
2. $7,600
3. $8,800
4. $6,180
5. None of the above

9. The value of a share is given by the present value of which cash flows?

1. The last dividend and future dividends
2. The most recent dividend and future dividends
3. The current dividend and future dividends
4. Future dividends only
5. None of the above

10. The interest rate is defined as:

1. The opportunity cost of selling real assets  
2. The cost of having money in the bank.
3. The cost of liquidity.  
4. The opportunity cost of buying real assets
5. None of the above

** Please show the all mathematical steps and the Financial Calculator step if possible, Thanks.

Question 1:

Ace Ltd is a listed parent company with interests in television stations, cinemas and newspapers. On 1 January 2014, Ace Ltd acquired 40% of the voting shares of Deuce Pty Ltd, a publisher of women magazines, for $1 620 000 cash. The acquisition gave Ace Ltd. significant influence over Deuce Ltd. The recorded net assets and contingent liabilities of Deuce Ltd as at the date of acquisition were represented by the following equity items:

                                  $000
Share Capital             1,000
Retained Earnings       600
General Reserve          200
Total                            1,800


Additional information:

(a)   At the date of acquisition, Deuce Ltd has created several magazine mastheads. The terms and conditions of the mastheads indicate they can be transferred to another party. The costs relating to the development of these mastheads had been written off by Deuce Ltd as expenses when incurred. Ace Ltd can reliably measure the fair value of the unrecognised mastheads at the date of acquisition at $300 000.

(b)   Ace Ltd has adopted an accounting policy for the Ace Ltd extended group whereby all intangible assets with a finite life are to be amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Ace Ltd expects the mastheads will provide future economic benefits for a period of 20 years.

(c)   During the year ended 31 December 2014 Deuce Ltd earned profit before tax of $900 000, incurred an income tax expense of $300 000 and paid a dividend of $100 000 on 30 September 2014.

(d)   On 1 July 2014 Deuce Ltd sold Ace Ltd a printing machine at an agreed value of $420 000. This equipment had a carrying amount of $120 000 to Deuce Ltd at the date of its transfer. The remaining useful life of the machine at the date of transfer is estimated to be 3 years.

(e)   Ace Ltd uses the cost method to account for its investment in Deuce Ltd in its separate financial statements as there is no quoted market price for Deuce Ltd. shares.

(f)   Ace Ltd has not recognised any impairment losses in relation to its investment in Deuce Ltd in its separate financial statements or its consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2014.

(g)   The company tax rate is 30%.

Required:

i)   Calculate the amount of goodwill on acquisition of Act Ltd’s interest in Deuce Ltd and related journal entry under cost method.

(ii)   Prepare the equity accounting consolidation adjusting entries required in Ace Ltd’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2014.

(iii)   Estimate the carrying value of Ace Ltd’s investment in Deuce Ltd the year ended 31

1.what is the challenge in budgeting if the business is a SKI resort and cash flows vary with the season. 2. as a new owner of an existing business what resources do you have to prepare a porforma cash budget. 3.Is there any volume limit that is impractical to achieve given the current fixed capital

As the vice president of engineering of the Best Company in Buffalo, you need to

make a decision regarding how a new product is to be manufactured. You have

been offered two specific proposals. Proposal A is to set up an assembly operation

in-house and to outsource the production of all subassemblies and parts

to supply chain partners. This proposal would need a front-end investment of

$2,000,000 for the assembly operations, an investment of $300,000 for the product

design and development efforts, and another $100,000 for managing and coordinating

the supply chain partners. The projected net profits for the products

manufactured by this method are $0, $300,000, $600,000, $900,000, $1,200,000,

and $600,000 in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth year, respectively.

There is no salvage value of the assembly equipment at the end of the sixth year,

at which time the sales of this product will be terminated. Interest is at 5.0%.

Proposal B is to build a production facility to manufacture all subassemblies

and assemble the products in-house. This proposal would need a front-end investment

of $3,000,000, which includes facility, equipment, engineering, and all other

required efforts. The projected net profits for the products manufactured by this

method are $200,000, $400,000, $800,000, $1,200,000, $1,000,000, and $600,000 for

the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth year, respectively. There is a salvage

value of $400,000 of the facility at the end of the sixth year. Interest is also at 5%.

Which proposal should you accept, and why?

SHOW INCOME STATEMENT AND ASSUME STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION

You have recently graduated from your university and started work with an accounting firm. You meet an old school friend, Kim, for dinner—you haven’t seen each other for several years. Kim is surprised that you are now working as an auditor because your childhood dream was to be a ballet dancer. Unfortunately, your knees were damaged in a fall and you can no longer dance. The conversation turns to your work and Kim wants to know how you do your job. Kim cannot understand why an audit is not a guarantee the company will succeed. Kim also thinks that company managers will lie to you to protect themselves, and as an auditor you would have to assume that you cannot believe anything a company manager says to you.

Compose a letter to Kim explaining the concept of reasonable assurance, and how reasonable assurance is determined. Explain why an auditor cannot offer absolute assurance. Describe the concept of professional skepticism and how it is not the same as assuming that managers are always trying to deceive auditors. Explain to Kim why her perceptions are a perfect example of the expectations gap.

The following are BAC Bhd.’s year end statement of financial position and statement of profit and loss for 2016 and 2017:

	2017 ($)	2016 ($)		2017 ($)	2016 ($)
Non Current Assets:			total non current liabilities	410769	372931
Gross Non Current assets	317,503	232,179	current liabilities
Less accumulated depreciation	54,045	34,187	short term borrowings	288798	296149
Net Non Current assets	263,458	197,992	A/P	636318	414611
Current Assets:			accruals	106748	103362
cash and equivalents	208323	102024	total Current libilities	1031864	814122
A/R	690294	824979	total liabilities	1442633	1187053
inventories	942374	715414	shareholder equity
total Current assets	1840991	1642417	common stock(100000 sahres)	550000	550000
total assets	2104449	1840409	retaines earning	111816	103356
noncurrent liabilities			total shareholder equity	661816	653356
long term debt	410769	372931	total liabilities and share holder equity	2104449	1840409

	2017 ($)	2016 ($)
Sales	2,325,967	2,220,607
(-) Cost of goods sold	1,869,326	1,655,827
Other expenses	287,663	273,870
Total operating costs excluding depreciation and amortization	2,156,989	1,929,697
Depreciation and amortization	25,363	26,341
Total operating costs	2,182,352	1,956,038
EBIT	143,615	264,569
(-) Interest expense	31,422	13,802
EBT	112,193	250,767
(-) Taxes (30%)	33,658	75,230
Net income	78,535	175,537

Related items:

2017 Total dividends paid $70,075 ,   Stock price per share $15.60

2016 Total dividends paid $15.60 ,   Stock price per share $21.80

Required:

1. Calculate the after tax operating income (i.e. after-tax EBIT) for 2016 and 2017.   
2. Calculate the net working capital (NWC) that is supported by non-free sources for 2016 and 2017, and the changes in NWC between these two years.                             
3. What is free cash flow (FCF)? Calculate the FCF for 2017. Is a negative FCF always a bad sign?   
4. Calculate the following for the company for 2017:
   1. Earnings per share   
   2. Dividends per share   
   3. Book value per share

25.The following information is the same as the previous question.

A Company issued a bond payable with detachable warrants on the interest payment date as follows.

Bond payable ($1,000 par value; 400 bonds)	$400,000
Coupon rate	4.70%
Bond issue price	$414,000
Fair value of the bonds after issuance	$390,000
Term	10 years
Number of detachable warrants per bond	50
Fair value of the warrants after issuance	$2.00
Stock purchase price	$15.00
Warrants exercised	5,000

1 warrant = 1 share of $1 par value stock

What is the credit to additional paid in capital at the time the warrants are exercised on June 30, 20X1?

Sako Company’s Audio Division produces a speaker that is used by manufacturers of various audio products. Sales and cost data on the speaker follow:

Selling price per unit on the intermediate market	$	42
Variable costs per unit	$	19
Fixed costs per unit (based on capacity)	$	9
Capacity in units		57,000

Sako Company has a Hi-Fi Division that could use this speaker in one of its products. The Hi-Fi Division will need 10,000 speakers per year. It has received a quote of $37 per speaker from another manufacturer. Sako Company evaluates division managers on the basis of divisional profits.

Required:

1. Assume the Audio Division is now selling only 47,000 speakers per year to outside customers.

a. From the standpoint of the Audio Division, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division?

b. From the standpoint of the Hi-Fi Division, what is the highest acceptable transfer price for speakers acquired from the Audio Division?

c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? If left free to negotiate without interference, would you expect the division managers to voluntarily agree to the transfer of 10,000 speakers from the Audio Division to the Hi-Fi Division?

d. From the standpoint of the entire company, should the transfer take place?

2. Assume the Audio Division is selling all of the speakers it can produce to outside customers.

a. From the standpoint of the Audio Division, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division?

b. From the standpoint of the Hi-Fi Division, what is the highest acceptable transfer price for speakers acquired from the Audio Division?

c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? If left free to negotiate without interference, would you expect the division managers to voluntarily agree to the transfer of 10,000 speakers from the Audio Division to the Hi-Fi Division?

d. From the standpoint of the entire company, should the transfer take place?

Steve and Stephanie Pratt purchased a home in Spokane, Washington, for $535,000. They moved into the home on February 1 of year 1. They lived in the home as their primary residence until June 30 of year 5, when they sold the home for $902,500.

a.) What amount of gain on the sale of the home are the Pratts required to include in taxable income?

b.) Assume the original facts, except that Steve and Stephanie live in the home until January 1 of year 3, when they purchase a new home and rent out the original home. They finally sell the original home on June 30 of year 5 for $902,500. Ignoring any issues relating to depreciation taken on the home while it is being rented, what amount of realized gain on the sale of the home are the Pratts required to include in taxable income?

c.) Assume the same facts as in part (b), except that the Pratts live in the home until January of year 4, when they purchase a new home and rent out the first home. What amount of realized gain on the sale of the home will the Pratts include in taxable income if they sell the first home on June 30 of year 5 for $902,500?

d.)

Assume the original facts, except that Stephanie moves in with Steve on March 1 of year 3 and the couple is married on March 1 of year 4. Under state law, the couple jointly owns Steve’s home beginning on the date they are married. On December 1 of year 3, Stephanie sells her home that she lived in before she moved in with Steve. She excludes the entire $117,500 gain on the sale on her individual year 3 tax return. What amount of gain must the couple recognize on the sale in June of year 5?

Dessin Company is constructing a building. Construction began on January 1, 2012 and was completed on December 31, 2012. Expenditures were

March 1, 2012	$750,000
June 1, 2012	200,000
September 30, 2012	350,000
October 1, 2012	100,000
December 31, 2012	250,000

Company borrowed $1,300,000 on January 1 on a 7-year, 11% note to help finance construction of the building. In addition, the company had outstanding all year a 12%, 4-year, $2,800,000 note payable and an 10%, 4-year, $3,400,000 note payable.

1. What were the weighted-average accumulated expenditures for 2012?

2. What is the weighted-average interest rate used for interest capitalization purposes in 2012?

3. What is the avoidable interest for the company in 2012?

4. What is the actual interest for the company in 2012?

5. What is the total amount of the interest capitalized for 2012?

6. What is the total amount of the interest expensed for 2012?

Show your computations!

1. Direct Materials and Direct Labor Variance Analysis

   Lenni Clothing Co. manufactures clothing in a small manufacturing facility. Manufacturing has 25 employees. Each employee presently provides 40 hours of productive labor per week. Information about a production week is as follows:

   Standard wage per hr.	$12.00
   Standard labor time per unit	12 min.
   Standard number of yds. of fabric per unit	5.0 yds.
   Standard price per yd. of fabric	$5.00
   Actual price per yd. of fabric	$5.10
   Actual yds. of fabric used during the week	26,200 yds.
   Number of units produced during the week	5,220
   Actual wage per hr.	$11.80
   Actual hrs. for the week	1,000 hrs.

   Required:

   a. Determine the standard cost per unit for direct materials and direct labor. Round the cost per unit to two decimal places.

   Direct materials standard cost per unit	$
   Direct labor standard cost per unit
   Total standard cost per unit	$

   b. Determine the price variance, quantity variance, and total direct materials cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

   Direct materials price variance	$
   Direct materials quantity variance
   Total direct materials cost variance	$

   c. Determine the rate variance, time variance, and total direct labor cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

   Direct labor rate variance	$
   Direct labor time variance
   Total direct labor cost variance	$

Part A
In late 2017, the Nicklaus Corporation was formed. The corporate charter authorizes the issuance of 4,000,000 shares of common stock carrying a $1 par value, and 1,000,000 shares of $5 par value, noncumulative, nonparticipating preferred stock. On January 2, 2018, 2,000,000 shares of the common stock are issued in exchange for cash at an average price of $12 per share. Also on January 2, all 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock are issued at $30 per share.

Required:
1. Prepare journal entries to record these transactions.
2. Prepare the shareholders' equity section of the Nicklaus balance sheet as of March 31, 2018. (Assume net income for the first quarter 2018 was $1,300,000.)

Part B
During 2018, the Nicklaus Corporation participated in three treasury stock transactions:

1. On June 30, 2018, the corporation reacquires 150,000 shares for the treasury at a price of $14 per share.
2. On July 31, 2018, 25,000 treasury shares are reissued at $17 per share.
3. On September 30, 2018, 25,000 treasury shares are reissued at $12 per share.

Required:
1. Prepare journal entries to record these transactions.
2. Prepare the Nicklaus Corporation shareholders' equity section as it would appear in a balance sheet prepared at September 30, 2018. (Assume net income for the second and third quarter was $2,750,000.)

Part C
On October 1, 2018, Nicklaus Corporation receives permission to replace its $1 par value common stock (4,000,000 shares authorized, 2,000,000 shares issued, and 1,900,000 shares outstanding) with a new common stock issue having a $.50 par value. Since the new par value is one-half the amount of the old, this represents a 2-for-1 stock split. That is, the shareholders will receive two shares of the $.50 par stock in exchange for each share of the $1 par stock they own. The $1 par stock will be collected and destroyed by the issuing corporation.

On November 1, 2018, the Nicklaus Corporation declares a $0.09 per share cash dividend on common stock and a $0.26 per share cash dividend on preferred stock. Payment is scheduled for December 1, 2018, to shareholders of record on November 15, 2018.

On December 2, 2018, the Nicklaus Corporation declares a 3% stock dividend payable on December 28, 2018, to shareholders of record on December 14. At the date of declaration, the common stock was selling in the open market at $12 per share. The dividend will result in 114,000 (0.03 × 3,800,000) additional shares being issued to shareholders.

Required:
1. Prepare journal entries to record the declaration and payment of these stock and cash dividends.
2. Prepare the December 31, 2018, shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet for the Nicklaus Corporation. (Assume net income for the fourth quarter was $2,250,000.)
3. Prepare a statement of shareholders' equity for Nicklaus Corporation for 2018.

Cash Budget

The controller of Shoe Mart Inc. asks you to prepare a monthly cash budget for the next three months. You are presented with the following budget information:

	January		February		March
Sales	$132,000		$166,000		$218,000
Manufacturing costs	55,000		71,000		78,000
Selling and administrative expenses	38,000		45,000		48,000
Capital expenditures	_		_		52,000

The company expects to sell about 12% of its merchandise for cash. Of sales on account, 65% are expected to be collected in full in the month following the sale and the remainder the following month. Depreciation, insurance, and property tax expense represent $10,000 of the estimated monthly manufacturing costs. The annual insurance premium is paid in June, and the annual property taxes are paid in October. Of the remainder of the manufacturing costs, 80% are expected to be paid in the month in which they are incurred and the balance in the following month. All sales and administrative expenses are paid in the month incurred.

Current assets as of January 1 include cash of $50,000, marketable securities of $71,000, and accounts receivable of $153,100 ($116,000 from December sales and $37,100 from November sales). Sales on account in November and December were $106,000 and $116,000, respectively. Current liabilities as of January 1 include a $66,000, 12%, 90-day note payable due March 20 and $10,000 of accounts payable incurred in December for manufacturing costs. All selling and administrative expenses are paid in cash in the period they are incurred. It is expected that $4,000 in dividends will be received in January. An estimated income tax payment of $20,000 will be made in February. Shoe Mart's regular quarterly dividend of $10,000 is expected to be declared in February and paid in March. Management desires to maintain a minimum cash balance of $39,000.

Required:

1. Prepare a monthly cash budget and supporting schedules for January, February, and March. Enter an increase in the month's cash balance or an excess cash amount as a positive number. Enter a decrease in the month's cash balance or a cash deficiency as a negative number. Assume 360 days per year for interest calculations.

Shoe Mart Inc.
Cash Budget
For the Three Months Ending March 31
	January	February	March
Estimated cash receipts from:
Cash sales	$_____	$_____	$_____
Collection of accounts receivable	$_____	$_____	$_____
Dividends	$_____	$_____	$_____
Total cash receipts	$_____	$_____	$_____
Estimated cash payments for:
Manufacturing costs	$_____	$_____	$_____
Selling and administrative expenses	$_____	$_____	$_____
Capital expenditures	$_____	$_____	$_____
Other purposes:
Note payable (including interest)	_____	_____	_____
Income tax	_____	_____	_____
Dividends	_____	_____	_____
Total cash payments	$_____	$_____	$_____
Cash increase (decrease)	$_____	$_____	$_____
Cash balance at beginning of month	______	______	______
Cash balance at end of month	$_____	$_____	$_____
Minimum cash balance	______	______	_____
Excess (deficiency)	$_____	$_____	_____

2. The budget indicates that the minimum cash balance will not be maintained in March. This is due primarily to which of the following causes?

1. Capital expenditures
2. Note repayment
3. Depreciation
4. Income taxes
5. Decreased collection of accounts receivable

Select the correct answer

• I, II, III, IV, and V
• I and II only.
• III, IV, and V only.
• IV and V only.

Buckler Company manufactures desks with vinyl tops. In 2004, a 1,000 desk production run cost for the vinyl used per Model S desk is $27.00 based on 12 square feet of vinyl at a cost of $2.25 per square foot. A production run of 1,000 desks in 2003 resulted in the usage of 12,600 square feet of vinyl at a cost of $2.00 per square foot, a total cost of $25,200.

Resulting from the above production run what is the material volume variance ______, the materials efficiency variance_____, and the materials price variance ______?