One page summary of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at 2012.

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▪︎The Nobel prize in physiology or Medicine 2012 was awarded jointly to Sir John B.Gurdon of the university of cambridge in England and Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto university in Japan.

▪︎Gurdon and Yamanaka discovered that mature,specialized cell can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent cells that are capable of developing into all tissues of the body.

▪︎In 1962 Gurdon discovered that cells could be reprogrammed into an immature state.During his work he extracted the cell nucleus having the frog's DNA, and injected the nucleus into a frog egg .Before the injection, the nucleus of the frog egg had been removed.Later this modified egg cell developed into a normal tadpole.

▪︎In 2006,Yamanaka discovered how to convert mature cells in mice into immature stem cells by introducing a few Gene's.After this discovery,Yamanaka's induced pluripotent stem cells removed the need to use live human embryos to make versatile stem cells.

▪︎Later both the developments then led to the theme of therapeutic cloning and by reprogramming human cells scientists have created new opportunities to study about various diseases and also novel methods for therapy.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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