In: Civil Engineering
Topic choosen Environmental pollution as this is the major issue facing by the world due to various Engineering projects and applications.
Environment is the surroundings in which we live. But the contamination of our environment by pollutants is environmental pollution. The current stage of the earth that we are seeing is the cause of centuries of exploitation of earth and its resources.
The degradation of the environment by the construction and the manufacturing of the products :
Highlighted pollutants and health risks and hazards:
Major pollutants which are our enemy as they are degrade the environment are particulate matter and oxides of sulphur, carbon and nitrogen. These are responsible for the airborne and waterborne diseases like Asthma, bronchitis, cholera etc. A part from these health risks we are all aware of global warming resulting global climate change is due to the emission of the g
Researches shown that the construction of buildings imparts particulate matter to the air and manufacturing from the carbon based to the pharmaceuticals all discharges effluent rich in pollutants.
Perpetrators of environment :
Manufacturing and processing units : Manufacturing industries from metal processing to the pharmaceuticals
construction and demolishing activities.
Globalization
E waste due to consumer electronics
Solutions :
The prevention of occupational hazards is much more effective and usually cheaper if it is considered at the planning stage of any work process and workplace, rather than as control solutions of already existing hazardous situations. This applies first to the planning of new processes or factories, to ensure that hazardous substances are only used if necessary. If they are necessary, then emissions inside and outside the workplace, as well as waste generation, should be minimized, considering the whole life of the process and the products. The workplace and the job should be planned so that hazardous exposure is either avoided or kept to an acceptable minimum. Incentives should reward work practices which minimize exposure. The same considerations should apply to the introduction of new or modified processes and procedures. The order of priority should be to:
It is essential to adequately plan for supervision and maintenance, in order to ensure that controls are used and continue to be effective. Workplace control of exposure must be integrated with other measures, such as control of emissions to the atmosphere and waterways, and waste disposal, so that all these measures work together. (Of course, elimination of the hazardous substances prevents all these problems.) Similarly, the control of any hazardous substance in the workplace should be part of an integrated control system encompassing other hazards, such as noise and heat, as well as the ergonomic design of tasks and workplaces.
Elimination at source :
Elimination at the source can involve three different items: the production process, the hazardous substance and the work practices. A production process can be changed by applying a production method which generates less dust. This is a sensible approach at the design stage of a production process or when production lines are changed due to the introduction of new product lines.