Question

I WANT A REPORT ON Geology ABOUT Types of aggregates used in concrete, their composition and chemical reaction is applicable
THERE ARE SO RULE TO DO THE REPORT
1-Report (Limited to 10 pages – singly spaced, excluding Title Page, Abstract, Tables and Figures,
and List of References)
The final report will consist of the following components:
1. Title Page (1 page)
2. Abstract (1 page).
3. Introduction
4. Main Text (sections and subsections)
5. Conclusions
6. Tables and figures
7. List of References
The “Introduction” section introduces the topic and its background, defines the objectives of your work and your
approach of investigation. The “Main Text” section explains the methodology of the study, procedures and
different materials used to reach the desirable output. The “Conclusions” section summarizes the important
findings and implications of the investigation. “Recommendations for Future Studies” concludes the report. A list
of references should be provided at the end of the report. All references should be properly cited. All figures,
tables, and references should be referred to in the main text.

2-PLAGIARISM
The report is to be submitted in word file and it will be checked using turn it in, the report will be given zero
grade if plagiarism was obtained above 25% from the total report.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

Concrete literally forms the basis of our modern life as Water distribution(pipes &conduits), Infrastructure(bridges, buildings, dams), Transportation systems, roadways, airstrips, harbour protection etc. And now concrete became the most commonly used building material.

KEY POINTS

• Aggregates are one of the most important constituents of the concrete which give body to the concrete and also reduce shrinkage
• The fine and coarse aggregates generally occupy 60% to 75% of the concrete volume (70% to 85% by mass) and strongly influence the concrete’s freshly mixed and hardened properties, mixture proportions, and economy
• For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete.

TYPES OF AGGREGATES

ACCORDING TO,

1)Particle size

1. fine aggregate -Fine Aggregates are usually sand or crushed stone that are less than 9.55mm in diameter. When the aggregate is sieved through 4.75mm sieve, the aggregate passed through it. Natural sand is generally used as fine aggregate, silt, stone dust and clay also come under this category. The purpose of the fine aggregate is to fill the voids in the coarse aggregate and to act as a workability agent.

   fine aggregate	size variation
   coarse sand	2.0mm-0.5mm
   medium sand	0.5mm-0.25mm
   fine sand	0.25mm-0.06mm
   silt	0.06mm-0.002mm
   clay	<0.002mm

2. coarse aggragate-Coarse aggregates are particulates that are greater than 9.5mm. The usual range employed is between 9.5mm and 37.5mm in diameter. Typically the most common size of aggregate used in construction is 20mm. A larger size, 40mm, is more common in mass concrete. Larger aggregate diameters reduce the quantity of cement and water needed because of its lower Voids.

   coarse aggregate	size variation
   fine gravel	4mm-8mm
   medium gravel	8mm-16mm
   coarse gravel	16mm-64mm
   cobbles	64mm-256mm
   boulders	>256mm

2)shape

• rounded
• irregular
• angular
• flaky
• elongated
• flaky and elongated

3)nature of formation

• natural
• crushed

4)lightweight aggregates

• vermiculite
• glass aggregates