Question

Please, introduce the knowledge of “swarms in autonomous systems; properties, and advantages.

Answer 1

Swarm:

A loosely structured collection of interacting
agents
Agents:
• Individuals that belong to a group (but are not necessarily identical)
• .They contribute to and benefit from the group
• They can recognize, communicate, and/or interact with each other
• The instinctive perception of swarms is a
group of agents in motion but that does not
always have to be the case.
• A swarm is better understood if thought of as
agents exhibiting a collective behavior

Swarm Intelligence:

Is modern AI discipline that is concerned with design
of multiagent systems e.g.- robotics.

It is that discipline that deals with natural and
artificial systems composed of many individuals using
decentralized control and self-organization e.g.
colonies of ants and termites.

It deals with the study of self-organizing process in
natural and artificial swarm systems

General Swarm Principles:
1) Proximity principle: The basic units of a
swarm should be capable of giving the
respond back to to environmental variance
triggered by interactions among agents.
However, some fundamental behaviors are
shared such as living-resource searching and
nest-building.
2) Quality principle: A swarm should be able
to respond to quality factors such as

determining the safety of a location.
3) Principle of diverse response: Resources
should not be concentrated in a narrow region.
The distribution should be designed so that
each agent will be maximally protected facing
environmental fluctuations.
4) Principle of stability: The population should
not change its mode of behavior every time
the environment changes.
5) Principle of adaptability: The swarm is
sensitive to the changes in the environment
that result in different swarm behaviour.

Swarm robotics is the study of how large number of relatively simple physically embodied agents can be designed such that a desired collective behaviour emerges from the local interactions among agents and between the agents and the environment.

Properties of Swarm intelligence System

It is composed of many individuals.
I) The individuals are relatively Homogeneous.
II) The interactions among the individuals are based on
simple behavioral rules that exploit only local info. that the
individuals exchange directly or via the environment.
III) The overall behavior of the system results from the
interactions of individuals with each other and with their
environment, that is, the group behavior self-organizes.
IV) The behavior of each individual of the swarm is described
in probabilistic terms: Each individual has a stochastic
behavior that depends on his local perception of the
neighborhood.

Advantages:
1) Flexible: The colony respond to internal
disturbances and external challenges.
2) Robust: Tasks are completed even if some
gent fail.
3) Scalable: From a few agents to millions
4) Decentralized: There is no central control in
the colony.
5) Self-organized: The solutions are emergent
rather than predefined.
6) Adaptation: The swarm system can not
only adjust to predetermined stimuli but also
to new stimuli.

7) Speed: Changes in the network can be

propagated very fast.
8) Modularity: Agents act independently of
other network layers.
9) Parallelism: Agents operations
are inherently parallel.