Question

Describe the differences between the following: 1) general transcription factor vs. specific transcription factor 2) channel protein vs. carrier protein 3) saturated fatty acid vs. unsaturated fatty acid 4) free ribosome vs. bound ribosome 5) ligand-gated channel vs. voltage-gated channel 6) aquaporin transport vs. Na+/K+ pump transport

Answer 1

Solution

1) general transcription factor vs. specific transcription factor

• RNA polymerase can attach to the promoter only with the help of protein s called basal (general) transcription factors.
• They are part of the cell's core transcription toolkit, needed for the transcription of any gene.
• there is a large class of transcription factors that control the expression of specific, individual genes.
• For instance, a transcription factor might activate only a set of genes needed in certain neurons.

2) channel protein vs. carrier protein

• transport by carriers can be either active or passive, solute flow through channel proteins is always passive.
• Channel position is fixed while carrier has two confirmation change.
• Channel has high transport rate while carrier has low rate.

3) saturated fatty acid vs. unsaturated fatt

• Unsaturated fats contain one or more double or triple bonds between the molecules. These fats are liquid at room temperature in oil form. They also occur in solid foods. Gives less energy upon oxidation.
• Saturated fats have no double bonds in their chemical structure. They are “saturated” with hydrogen atoms. Because of their chemical structure, they have a solid consistency at room temperature.gives less enwrgy upon oxidation

4) free ribosome vs. bound ribosome

• membrane-bound ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell to be used elsewhere, while free ribosomes produce proteins used inside the cell itself.
• Free ribosome present in cytoplasm while membrane bound present on the RER membrane.
• Free and bound ribosome make digferent proteins hsving various destination.

5) ligand-gated channel vs. voltage-gated channel

• Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane protein complexes that conduct ion flow through a channel pore in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter. They are different from voltage-gated ion channels, which are sensitive to membrane potentials, and GPCRs, which use second messengers
• Voltage gated channel results in to polarization and depolarization of membrane while ligand gated channel results into the change in intracellular signalling to carry out effect reaponce at expresaion level.

6) aquaporin transport vs. Na+/K+ pump transport

• The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport because energy is required to move the sodium and potassium ions against the concentration gradient. The energy used to fuel the sodium-potassium pump comes from the breakdown of ATP to ADP + P + Energy.
• Aquaporins selectively conduct water molecules in and out of the cell, while preventing the passage of ions and other solutes.it involves passive transport of water.
• Aquaporin is uniporter while sodium potasium pump is antiporter.