Question

Discuss how the impact of technological innovations in such things as transportation, housing, communications, and / or public utilities (where utilities can include such things as water, sanitation, and electricity) have reshaped and redefined American cities over the years (and it can be over a great many years).

Answer 1

Technology and innovation has caused the world to transition from primitive mode of living standards towards a much advanced and efficient world . The countries with significant inputs in research and development has significanly made a shift in every field with human interation raising the standards and conditions for residents of the nation. Hence R&D is nothing but investment towards increasing productivity and raising living standards. America is the flag bearer of the success in these areas with optimal investment in Research and Development.

America has invested majorly in trasportation and housing and communication . These are the basic areas which a nation must invest in for better standard of living. Transportaion includes development of roads and travel vehicles. The technology advancement has reduced the cost in both these major areas. The workers are provided with better working environment with much efficient tools because of technology advancing. The same is the case with housing and communication facilities. The point that must be noted, technology not only adds to the ease of doing work to rise, but also the high scales of income with being involved in any sector as discussed above, which may not be a high paying sectors for the economy with low technological development.

Public utilities like water , sanitaion and electricity, with advancement in technology has caused the shift from primitive and non environmental friendly alternatives , towards a cleaner and efficient alternatives. The working condition for the volunteers is also improved with improving technology.

From the shift towards prividing necessitites to luxury, technology has played an important role in making america advance, especially after the inductrial revelution and world trade started. With markets of cheap labours and high production capacity has been tapped by the american companies , while home country focusing in the R&D, the local workers were trained in advanced sectors yielding high incomes. This increased the gradual rise of purchasing power of individuals and a cycle of grwoth follows with rising capacity in technological advancemet and R&D.