Question

required to select a topic from a prescribed list of key historic moments and research and write a report on how that key moment influenced the host/guest relationship. Topic is The advent of air travel and the development of luxury sea travel

Answer 1

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Key historical moment influenced the guest relationship with the advent of air travel

Abstract

Advent of air travel

1.The Rise of Air Transportation

Air transportation was slow to take off after the Wright Brothers breakthrough at Kitty Hawk in 1903. More than a decade passed before first faltering efforts to launch scheduled passenger services. On January 1, 1914, the world’s inaugural scheduled flight with a paying passenger hopped across the bay separating Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida. In its earliest years, the airline industry had a symbiotic relationship with military aviation. World War I, which began just months after that first flight from Tampa, provided a powerful spur to the development of commercial aviation as air power began to be used and better aircraft were quickly designed. The war left a legacy of thousands of unemployed pilots and surplus aircraft along with an appreciation for the future significance of this new technology.

2.Civil Aviation and Activity Spaces

Air transportation has transformed society on the ground at scales ranging from the local to the global. Aviation has made the everyday life in many parts of the world faster, more interconnected, more varied, and more affluent; but those gains have come at the expense of significant environmental challenges

A) The acceleration of the material world

As the fastest mode for most kinds of traffic, air transportation has been associated with the speeding up of daily life. This effect is most apparent with the astonishing delivery times for goods ordered online from sites such as Amazon.com. In 2019, Amazon offered two-day deliveries to all of the US for millions of goods and next-day delivery for a narrower range of goods.

B) An interconnected world

At any given moment in 2018, an estimated 1.4 million people were airborne on commercial airline flights somewhere in the world. Most were on short-haul flights linking nearby cities within the same country as evidenced by the most densely trafficked sector: the 454-kilometer hop from Seoul to the resort island of Jeju, off South Korea’s southern coast.

C). A kaleidoscope of experience

Cheap air transport has enlarged the geographic scope of everyday life and in so doing has enriched the lives of many with unprecedented variety. Take first the variety of goods; by one common measure, the US imported more than four times the variety of goods in 2018 as in 1972. Much of the increase was attributable to the sharp reduction in transportation costs through containerized shipping, but lower-cost air cargo has also played a role

D) The ascent of affluence

in 2017, airlines flew approximately 4.3 billion passengers. The total volume of air passengers equaled nearly 60 percent of the global population, but of course, a much smaller share is actually air travelers as individuals who use air transportation usually do so several times per year.

Both passenger and cargo traffic have grown rapidly as higher incomes translate into higher values for time and a stronger preference for what is the fastest mode. In fact, both air passenger and air cargo traffic have outpaced the growth of the broader global economy.

E) The high costs of aviation

Yet the huge increase in traffic in Orlando and the more modest increase globally have not been cost-free. In particular, aviation externalities have risen with traffic volumes. The air transport sector accounted for about 2 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in 1992, and that share is forecast to rise to 3.5 percent by the middle of the 21st century.

3. The Geography of Airline Networks

Theoretically, air transport enjoys greater freedom of route choice than most other modes and so airline routes span oceans, the highest mountain chains, the most forbidding deserts, and other physical barriers to surface transport. Yet while it is true that the mode is less restricted than land transport to specific rights of way, it is nevertheless much more constrained than what might be supposed.

4. Airlines, Hubs, and Alliances

There were several thousand airlines in the world in 2019, most of them very small. Only about 1,400 were members of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and even among IATA members, a relative handful of airlines account for most traffic. In 2018, the top 25 airlines accounted for just over 50 percent of available seat-kilometers (ASKs), a measure of capacity.

5. The Future of Flight

Digitalization has been a transforming trend, with the ability to book tickets online and using automated devices such as kiosks and smartphones to accelerate the check-in process. More recently, it is enabling carriers to segment the service and price structure offered for passengers on the same flight by monetizing a whole range of services such as seat selection, priority boarding, meals, and luggage.

Development of luxury sea travel

Cruise ships are changing and many already come with amenities and novelties to rival the best hotels. Expedition cruise company Lindblad now carries ROVs (remote-operated vehicles) which plunge to 500ft below sea level to provide high-definition video of what lurks beneath the ship; and the Scenic Eclipse, due in 2018, will be capable of sailing in polar waters and will carry two helicopters and a submarine.

For total extravagance, however, nothing rivals super yachts. With basketball courts and 3D cinemas already de rigueur, owners are demanding ever more outlandish features. The proposed 295ft Moonstone would feature a faceted hull embedded with solar-powered LEDs. Activated by app, they could display the exact hues of that evening’s sunset to partially camouflage the vessel.

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