Question

Microbiology class

Create what would be, a 10 to 15 minute PowerPoint presentation about a specific disease (you may choose any from Chapters 19, 20, 24, or 25 of our textbook). You should discuss the type of microbe that causes the disease in detail. Describe the type of test used to diagnose the disease. Tell us about the microbe and its characteristics. Tell us the symptoms of the disease. Tell us how the immune system may react to the disease. Describe the treatments/cures if there are any. You may also include current research into cures or alleviation of symptoms and the history of the disease. The presentation should be at least 15 slides long. Remember, since we are not giving these presentations orally, you need to include all the details in the slides themselves or the notes portion at the bottom of the slides.

(note: there is no disease in the textbook, I think we can pick up any disease that relates to bacteria species)

Answer 1

TUBERCULOSIS

  

(BACTERIAL DISEASE )

INTRODUCTION

•   Tuberculosis (TB) is presently is the second leading global health problem of several dimensions to human beings.
•   Robert Koch identified the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causal agent of TB.
•   20% of the human population is infected worldwide estimated up till now.
•   This disease most commonly affect the homeless, poor, malnourished, addicted (alcohol or any drugs) males.

The causal agent of tuberculosiS

90% of TB. Is caused by acid-fast,
Catalase positive, aerobic,
non-motile,& non-sporing, DIAGRAM
pathogenic bacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The bacteria is straight or slightly
The curved rod-like & maybe also
Branched Or filamentous.
M.Bovis & M.africanum also cause
TB. worldwide

Sources of bacterium

   For Mycobacterium tuberculosis, infected persons are the main source. Here germs or infection can come from an infected persons to healthy people through airborne droplets.
   For M. Bovis the main source is cattle and transmission occurs from infected animal products like milk etc.
   A source may be AIDS patients for the spread of TB. This is because AIDS patients are easily affected by this infection.

transmission

   The TB. Infected persons when they cough, sneeze, sing, speak, spit, etc they expel infectious droplets & each of the droplets transmit the disease further & cause TB because inhalation of minimum fewer droplets may cause TB. As because of the infectious dose of TB. Is very small.
   A person with active untreated TB. Can infect
10-15 other people per
year.

susceptibility

   People exposed to patients suffering from active pulmonary TB.

   Health care workers who serve TB
patients.
   People suffering from HIV infection.
   People suffering from neck and head cancers.
   Infants or elderly people with the very poor immune system.
   People who have already suffered TB. & was not treated adequately after the recovery.
   People living in areas having high rates of TB. Infections.
  

Signs & symptoms

•   Fever with chills & night sweats & cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks. & often blood comes out while coughing.
•   Chest pain & pain while
breathing.
•   Severe weight loss due to
Lack of appetite which
ultimately causes fatigue.

pathogenecity

•   Most of the individuals who are afftected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis have no symptoms (asymptomatic).
•   The infection initiates
when the bacteria reach
the pulmonary alveoli of
Lung & starts multiplying
Within the alveolar macrophages.
•   The macrophages identify the bacteria as foreign elements & they invade by the process of phagocytosis, hence the bacteria gets stored in temporary membrane bound phagosome. & this phagosomes combine with lysosome to form phagolysosomes.
•   The bacterium has a thick waxy mycolic acid capsule that gives protection and helps to reproduce in macrophages.
   Later on kills the immune cells & the system too.

diagnosis

   Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test), a purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected just below the skin of inside forearm & after 48-72 hours there will be a noticeable red, hard, swelling at the injected site.
   Blood tests to detect presence of bacterium in the blood.
   Chest x-rays to detect the tuberculous cavities in the lung.

treatment

Tuberculosis can be effectively treated by the following Antibacterial drugs :-
o   Isoniazid
o   Rifampin
o   Ethambutol
o   Pyrazinamide
o   streptomycin

conclusion

Though TB. Is an important killer disease but it cannot easily attack a healthy, well nourished person living a good, hygienic life hence socio-economic status of people is also another vital factor in this case, because once infected by the pathogen its difficult to remove
it from the body.
World Tuberculosis Day
is observed on 24 March
every year, to build public
awareness about TB.
  

Thank you