Question

Create a PowerPoint presentation of no more than 15 slides that reflect your understanding of the three macronutrients discussed in this module: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins. Be creative!
Each slide should include information about each macronutrient.

Definition of the macronutrient inclusive of its function and structure

Where they are digested and absorbed

Types and their purpose

Special characteristics and function

Clinical applications as they relate to health and diets

Use APA Editorial Format for citations and references used other than the textbook.

Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Save your assignment as a PowerPoint document. (Mac users, please remember to append the ".pptx" extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:

Answer 1

Macronutrients PowerPoint

Slide 1: Title Macronutrients

Slide 2: Carbohydrates

The primary source of energy of the body

Chains of simple, small sugars that are broken down to glucose

Glucose provides energy to the brain

It structure contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon

Absorption and digestion happens on the gastrointestinal tract

Humans need large amounts of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are easily broken down, and converted into energy that the body can use. All tissues can use glucose, simple carbohydrates, as energy. The kidneys, heart, and the brain all require carbohydrates to function optimally. When carbohydrates are used by the body for energy, other macronutrients can be used for tissue repair and growth.

Slide 3: Carbohydrates

Fiber is indigestible and travels through the gastrointestinal tract

Carbohydrates are the most common organic substance in nature.

They are good sources of fibers that help reduce, heart disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Fibers also assist the intestine in removing waste which assist in reducing cholesterol

Enzymes within the saliva begin chemical digestion

Carbohydrates are mainly found in starchy foods such as potatoes and grains, as well as yogurt and milk. Carbohydrates have complex or simple chemical structures. Simple carbohydrates are sweet like sugar, while complex carbohydrates taste like starch in potatoes. Humans are unable to break down fiber carbohydrates. They travel through the digestive system and take waste with them.

Slide 4: Types of Carbohydrates & Purpose

Simple Carbohydrates: quick energy source since they are rapidly digested. Can be found in milk products and fruits.

Complex Carbohydrates: constitute of sugar molecules which turn into glucose in the body and used as energy

Slide 5: Protein

Proteins can be found in eggs, meat, beans, nuts , fish and dairy products

Protein is the primary constitutes in majority of cells,

Proteins produce new tissues for tissue repair and growth, and maintain and regulate body functions

Proteins can be used as an energy substitute for carbohydrates

Its structure contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon

Proteins are digested in the mouth then in the stomach through enzyme breakdown and absorbed via the small intestine

Protein is the primary part of most cells, it is 50% of the weight. Proteins determine what an organism looks like, is, and its behavior. The body constitutes of thousands of proteins. Proteins produce new tissue for repair and tissue growth, as well as maintain and regulate body functions. Enzymes used for protection, immunity and digestion, are made of protein.  

Slide 6: Proteins

Huge molecules of proteins have to be digested into tiny molecules named amino acids by enzymes

The health impact of protein is it helps treating catabolic illness when loss and breakdown of skeletal muscle becomes severe

Have positive impacts on protein metabolism of cancer patients to whom body wasting and malnutrition are life threatening

Proteins can be used a substitute for energy when carbohydrates are not present. Protein is found in poultry, meats, fish, cheese, nuts, milk, and small quantities in vegetables and starch. Vegetarians can get proteins from a balanced diet. The body breaks down protein into amino acids. There are a total of 500 amino acids , 21 are required by humans. 9 are essential since the body is unable to produce them.

Slide 7: Types of Proteins and Purpose

Hormonal: serve as chemical messengers that transmit signals between cells

Defensive: a vital part of the immune system that protects from diseases

Contractile: regulates speed and strength of muscle contractions and the heart

Storage: stores minerals

Enzymatic: speeds up metabolic process

Transport: carry crucial materials between cells

Receptors: governs substances the leave and enter cells

Proteins that constitute of all 9 amino acids are referred to as high quality proteins. High quality protein are mostly derived from animal sources. Low quality proteins do not contain all 9 amino acids and usually come from plants. Proteins vital role in maintain, repairing, and building body tissue. It is essential to physically active people that need to build and repair musle tissue constantly

Slide 8: Lipids

Fats are vital in maintaining a healthy body

Do not dissolve in water but crucial for survival

Fats maintain the cellular membrane, which are mode from fats.

It structure contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon

It also contains phosphorus, phospholipids and sometimes nitrogen

Most people have the belief that fat is bad for the body. Fats are important for a healthy body. One diet should include 20 percent fat. The goals it to eat more good fats and less bad fats. Essential fatty acids and unsaturated fats such as omega 6 and omega 3 should be taken more of while Tans fats and saturated fats should be avoided. It promotes development and growth.

Slide 9: Lipids

Some digestion happens in the mouth stomach, but majority occurs in the small intestine.

Bile is manufactured by the lived and released and stored in emulsifies and gallbladder fat into tinier droplets

Absorption occurs via the mucosal lining of the small intestine, and when these products travel through the mucosa, they join the epithelial cells

Plays a crucial role in digestion of vitamins

Lipids also play an important role in the digestion of times. Vitamins D, K, E are soluble lipid vitamins, meaning they require fat to be absorbed into the body. Lipids are also viable sources of energy, for low intensity activities like jogging lightly and walking. Fat components are also vital building blocks of cells in the body. Lipids in the form of sphingolipids and glycerolipids, constitute the majority of cellular membranes.

Slide 10: Lipids

Contain energy and can be metabolized to produce calories

Helps in creating structure within body

Fats are insulators that are required to insulate nerves

Are used as cushions to protect the liver, kidney and heart

Lipids also protect the body from cold and prevent from escaping through the skin

Cellular membranes act as shields between counterparts such as outside and inside of cells, and since they are insoluble, they are crucial for the maintaining the cellular structural integrity. Fatty lipids also play a vital role in the regulation of hormone synthesis and cell function. Fatty acids also work as signaling molecules thereby managing cell function.

Slide 11: Types of Lipids & Purpose

Triglycerides: provide insulation that keeps the body warm while protecting internal organs with padding. They also help the body use vitamins.

When the body does not use calories they are changed in triglycerides for use in the future

Steroids: type of lipid constituting of cholesterol and hormones. Cholesterol play a part in producing hormones

Phospholipids: are extracted from triglycerides, similar to triglycerides but with a different molecular level. They are responsible for insulating and protecting cells

Lipids are essential macronutrient; the body cannot create enough fat on its own so consuming it is necessary. Dietary lipids play many roles in wellbeing and human physiology. It gives flavor to food; ingestion of fat is important for intestinal absorption of vitamins like D,A,K and E. Fats are used in making hormones and steroids. Cholesterol constitutes the cell membrane and provides slight rigidity to it. Lipids also act as solvents for fat-soluble vitamins and hormones.

Slide 12: Reference:

General biochemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved from Austincc.edu website: http://www.austincc.edu/emeyerth/lipids.htm

MedlinePlus. (2014, May). Simple carbohydrates. Retrieved from NIH U.S National Library of Medicine website:
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19534.htm

Proteins. (2015). Retrieved from Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu website: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/
hbase/organic/protein.html

Mccormick, C. (2014). If I eat fat, will I get fat? Retrieved from PennState website: https://sites.psu.edu/

Slide 13: Thank You

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